Scala学习笔记4 （Object-Oriented Programming）

4.   OOP

4.1.     类class

4.1.1.  定义

例子1：

class User {

  var name = "anonymous"

  var age:Int = _

  val country = "china"

  def email = name + "@mail"

}

使用：

val u = new User

// var定义的属性可读可写

u.name = "qh"; u.age = 30

println(u.name + ", " + u.age) // "qh, 30"

// val 定义的属性只读不可写

u.country = "usa" // 报错

println(u.country) // "china"

// def 定义的是方法, 每次调用时重新计算

u.email // "qh@mail"

 

例子2：

// 定义

class Person(ln : String, fn : String, s : Person = null) {

  def lastName = ln;   // 用def定义后才是属性，ln，fn，s不可见

  def firstName = fn;

  def spouse = s;

  def introduction() : String =

    return (

("Hi, " + firstName + " " + lastName) +

(if (spouse != null) " and spouse, " + spouse.firstName + " " + spouse.lastName + "."

 else ".")

   );

}

// 调用

new Person("aa","bb", new Person("cc","dd")).introduction();

 

4.1.2.  构造方法

class c1(x:String) // 等同于：class c1(private var x:String)

val o1 = new c1("aaa")

o1.x // 报错，因为是private的，定义成 class c1(var x:String) 或者 class c1(val x:String) 才能这样用

 

例子1：

object construct1 {

  class c1(name:String, age:Int) { // (1)直接在类定义处

    def this() { this("anonymous", 20) } // (2)用this定义

    def m1() = {  printf("%s=%d\n", name, age) }

  }

  def main(args:Array[String]) = {

    new c1().m1()

    new c1("qh", 30).m1()

  }

}

编译：fsc construct1.scala

运行：java construct1

 

例子2：继承中的构造方法：

class c2(name:String, age:Int, female:Boolean=false) extends c1(name,age) {

    override def toString = { name + "," +  age + "," + female }

}

 

4.1.3.  override

不同于Java的使用 @Overri