使用python实现链表

 使用python实现链表，并提供基本的增删改查，只有大致思路，细节未处理。只是一次练习，作为学习笔记。

class Node():
    def __init__(self,item):
        self.__item=item
        self.__next=None         #指针部分默认指向None
    def getItem(self):
        return self.__item
    def getNext(self):
        return self.__next
    def setItem(self,newItem):
        self.__item=newItem
    def setNext(self,newNext):
        self.__next=newNext
class SingleLinkList():
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化链表"""
        self.__head=None
    def isEmpty(self):
        """判断链表是否为空表"""
        return self.__head==None
    def getSize(self):
        """获取链表长度大小"""
        currentSite=self.__head
        count=0
        while currentSite !=None:
            count+=1
            currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
        return count
    def findAll(self):
        """遍历链表"""
        currentSite=self.__head
        nodeList=[]
        while currentSite!=None:
            nodeList.append(currentSite.getItem())
            currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
        return nodeList
    def add(self,item):
        """在链表前添加一个数据"""
        temp=Node(item)
        temp.setNext(self.__head)
        self.__head=temp
    def append(self,item):
        """在链表后追加一个结点"""
        temp=Node(item)
        # 空表，将需要append的Node作为第一个节点
        if self.isEmpty():
            self.__head=temp
        # 如果不是空表，则遍历这个链表，并添加到最后
        else:
            currentSite=self.__head
            while currentSite.getNext()!=None:
                currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
            currentSite.setNext(temp)
    def searchByItem(self,item):
        """判断输入的结点数据是否存在于该链表中"""
        currentSite=self.__head
        foundItemFlag=False
        while currentSite!=None:
            if(currentSite.getItem()==item):
                foundItemFlag=True
                break
            currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
        return foundItemFlag
    def getIndexByItem(self,item):
        """判断输入的结点数据存在于该链表中索引位置，如果不存在则返回-1"""
        currentSite=self.__head
        count=0
        foundFalg=False
        while currentSite!=None:
            if currentSite.getItem()==item:
                foundFalg=True
                break
            else:
                count+=1
                currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
        if foundFalg:
            return count
        else:
            return -1
    def remove(self,item):
        """刪除一个结点"""
        currentSite=self.__head
        # 匹配的结点的前置结点引用
        pre=None
        while currentSite!=None:
            if currentSite.getItem()==item:
                if not pre:
                    self.__head=currentSite.getNext()
                else:
                    pre.setNext(currentSite.getNext())
                return item
            else:
                pre=currentSite
                currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
        raise Exception("删除不存在的结点")

    def insert(self,pos,item):
        if self.getSize()==0:
            if pos ==0:
                self.append(item)
            else:
                raise Exception("插入位置出错")
        else:
            if pos<0 or pos>self.getSize():
                raise Exception("插入位置出错")
            else:
                currentSite = self.__head
                count=0
                pre=None
                while currentSite!=None or (currentSite ==None and pre!=None):
                    if count==pos:
                        if not pre:
                            print("pre")
                            temp=Node(item)
                            temp.setNext(currentSite)
                            self.__head =temp
                            break
                        else:
                            temp=Node(item)
                            temp.setNext(currentSite)
                            pre.setNext(temp)
                            break
                    else:
                        pre=currentSite
                        currentSite=currentSite.getNext()
                        count+=1
    def __str__(self):
        tempList=self.findAll()
        string=''
        for i in tempList:
            string+=str(i)+'\n'
        return string
if __name__ == '__main__':
    

class People():
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex
    def doSomething(self):
        print("people can do something")
    def saySomething(self):
        print("people can say something")
    def __str__(self):
        return "you'r name is {0} and age is {1} sex is{2}".format(self.name,self.age,self.sex)



from Data.People import *
class Teacher(People):
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,salary):
        People.__init__(self,name=name,age=age,sex=sex)
        self.salary=salary
    def doSomething(self):
        print("{0} you are a teacher and you can teach students and your salary is {1}".format(self.name,self.salary))
    def saySomething(self):
        print("{0} you are a teacher and you can say something".format(self.name))
    def __str__(self):
        return "you'r name is {0} and age is {1} sex is{2} salary is {3}".format(self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.salary)



from Data.People import *
class Student(People):
    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,gpa):
        People.__init__(name=name,age=age,sex=sex)
        self.GPA=gpa
    def doSomething(self):
        print("{0} you are a student and you can study from your teacher and your GPA is {1}".format(self.name,self.GPA))
    def saySomething(self):
        print("{0} you are a student and you can say something".format(self.name))
    def __str__(self):
        return "you'r name is {0} and age is {1} sex is{2} GPA is {3}".format(self.name,self.age,self.sex,self.GPA)


from Data.People import *
from Data.Student import *
from Data.Teacher import *
from LinkList.LinkList import *
if __name__ == '__main__':
    teacher1=Teacher('王老师','男',35,10000)
    teacher2=Teacher('李老师','女',20,9000)
    myLinkList=SingleLinkList()
    myLinkList.append(teacher1)
    myLinkList.append(teacher2)
    print(myLinkList)
    teacher3 = Teacher('张老师', '女', 25, 8000)
    myLinkList.add(teacher3)
    print("myLinkList is ",myLinkList.getSize())
    print("张老师存在",myLinkList.searchByItem(teacher3))
    print('吴老师',myLinkList.searchByItem(Teacher('吴老师', '女', 25, 8000)))
    print(myLinkList)
    print("结点为王老师的索引为",myLinkList.getIndexByItem(teacher1))

    wang=myLinkList.remove(teacher1)
    print("=====================")
    wang.doSomething()
    print("=====================")
    print('删除王老师',wang)
    print(myLinkList)
    print(type(wang))

    print(id(wang))
    print(id(teacher1))
    # 47230800
    # 47230800
    # SingleLinkList类方法中的匹配都是使用了== 所以必须两个属于同一个对象，实际项目中应该使用（所有或者部分属性）等值比较
    print(wang==teacher1)

#     由于python是动态数据类型，没有其他高级语言如java的泛型，所以学生链表同理，
# 但是如果需要保持同一个链表存储数据的数据类型一致，可以在存入时判断对象的类型是否属于某个类型,再判断是否存入链表中
print(Teacher)
# 考虑等类型，不考虑继承
print(type(teacher1) ==Teacher)
print(type(teacher1) ==People)
# 考虑等类型，也考虑继承
print(isinstance(teacher1,Teacher))
print(isinstance(teacher1,People))

# 以下省略了学生链表的实现，实现与老师同理