hive查询数据来源的文件和具体位置方法

通常用户在HIVE中用SELECT语句出来结果，无法确定结果是来自哪个文件或者具体位置信息，HIVE中考虑到了这点，在Virtual Column虚列中可以指定三个静态列:

1. INPUT__FILE__NAME map任务读入File的全路径
2. BLOCK__OFFSET__INSIDE__FILE 如果是RCFile或者是SequenceFile块压缩格式文件则显示Block file Offset，也就是当前快在文件的第一个字偏移量，如果是TextFile，显示当前行的第一个字节在文件中的偏移量
3. ROW__OFFSET__INSIDE__BLOCK RCFile和SequenceFile显示row number, textfile显示为0
   注：若要显示ROW__OFFSET__INSIDE__BLOCK ，必须设置set hive.exec.rowoffset=true;

当我们的数据当中出现了脏数据的时候，我们可以使用这种方式去定位具体的脏数据在哪里。是很不错的排查方式。

创建textfile表

create table temp.temp_text_file_name (
content_name  string,
channel       string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
stored as textfile;

查询文件位置和偏移量，当不设置hive.exec.rowoffset为true时，会报如下错误：

Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10004]: Line 1:69 Invalid table alias or column reference 'row__offset__inside__block': (possible column names are: content_name, channel) (state=42000,code=10004)

设置set hive.exec.rowoffset=true;

select content_name, input__file__name, block__offset__inside__file, row__offset__inside__block
  from temp.temp_text_file_name
 limit 10;

+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| content_name  |                 input__file__name                  | block__offset__inside__file  | row__offset__inside__block  |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| CCTV10科教      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 0                            | 0                           |
| CCTV10科教高清    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 20                           | 0                           |
| CCTV11戏曲      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 46                           | 0                           |
| CCTV12社会与法    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 66                           | 0                           |
| CCTV13新闻      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 92                           | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 112                          | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿高清    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 132                          | 0                           |
| CCTV15音乐      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 158                          | 0                           |
| CCTV1综合       | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 178                          | 0                           |
| CCTV1综合高清     | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_text_file_name/temp_test.csv | 196                          | 0                           |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+

创建存储格式为ORC的表

create table temp.temp_orc_file_name (
content_name  string,
channel       string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
stored as orc;

插入模拟数据

insert into table temp.temp_orc_file_name
select * from temp.temp_text_file_name;

查询

select content_name, input__file__name, block__offset__inside__file, row__offset__inside__block
  from temp.temp_orc_file_name
 limit 10;
 +---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| content_name  |                 input__file__name                  | block__offset__inside__file  | row__offset__inside__block  |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| CCTV10科教      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 24                           | 0                           |
| CCTV10科教高清    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 48                           | 0                           |
| CCTV11戏曲      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 73                           | 0                           |
| CCTV12社会与法    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 97                           | 0                           |
| CCTV13新闻      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 121                          | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 146                          | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿高清    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 170                          | 0                           |
| CCTV15音乐      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 194                          | 0                           |
| CCTV1综合       | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 219                          | 0                           |
| CCTV1综合高清     | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_orc_file_name/000000_0 | 243                          | 0                           |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
10 rows selected (0.29 seconds)

创建sequencefile格式的表并插入数据

create table temp.temp_seq_file_name (
content_name  string,
channel       string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
stored as sequencefile;

insert into table temp.temp_seq_file_name
select * from temp.temp_text_file_name;

select content_name, input__file__name, block__offset__inside__file, row__offset__inside__block
  from temp.temp_seq_file_name
 order by row__offset__inside__block desc
 limit 10;

+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| content_name  |                 input__file__name                  | block__offset__inside__file  | row__offset__inside__block  |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
| CCTV1综合高清     | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 391                          | 0                           |
| CCTV1综合       | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 361                          | 0                           |
| CCTV央视音乐      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0_copy_1 | 1818                         | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿高清    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 291                          | 0                           |
| CCTV14少儿      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 259                          | 0                           |
| CCTV13新闻      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 227                          | 0                           |
| CCTV12社会与法    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 189                          | 0                           |
| CCTV11戏曲      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 157                          | 0                           |
| CCTV央视文化精品    | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0_copy_1 | 1760                         | 0                           |
| CCTV10科教      | hdfs://hive/warehouse/temp.db/temp_seq_file_name/000000_0 | 87                           | 0                           |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------+--+
10 rows selected (26.585 seconds)

疑问有待验证与解释：row__offset__inside__block字段不管是textfile格式还是ORC格式还是sequencefile格式，值都是为0？？？