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| <table border="0" style="border:0px solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; color:#333333; font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:25px; width:100%; height:38px; background-color:#1570a6"> | |
| <tbody> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td style="border-style:solid; border-color:silver; border-collapse:collapse; padding:3px"> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><strong><span style="color:#ffffff; font-size:14pt">一、介绍</span></strong></span></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody> | |
| </table> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 当前B/S模式已成为应用开发的主流，而在企业办公系统中，常常有客户这样子要求：你要把我们的报表直接用Excel打开(电信系统、银行系统)。或者是：我们已经习惯用Excel打印。这样在我们实际的开发中，很多时候需要实现导入、导出Excel的应用。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 目前，比较常用的实现Java导入、导出Excel的技术有两种Jakarta POI和Java Excel</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 下面我就分别讲解一下如何使用这两个技术实现导入、导出Excel</span></p> | |
| <table border="0" style="border:0px solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; color:#333333; font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:25px; width:100%; height:38px; background-color:#1570a6"> | |
| <tbody> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td style="border-style:solid; border-color:silver; border-collapse:collapse; padding:3px"> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><strong><span style="color:#ffffff; font-size:14pt">二、使用Jakarta POI导入、导出Excel</span></strong></span></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody> | |
| </table> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> Jakarta POI 是一套用于访问微软格式文档的Java API。Jakarta POI有很多组件组成，其中有用于操作Excel格式文件的HSSF和用于操作Word的HWPF，在各种组件中目前只有用于操作Excel的HSSF相对成熟。官方主页<a target="_blank" href="http://poi.apache.org/index.html">http://poi.apache.org/index.html</a>，API文档<a target="_blank" href="http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html">http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html</a></span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.1 环境配置</h3> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2.1.1下载jar</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 官方下载：<a target="_blank" href="http://poi.apache.org/download.html">http://poi.apache.org/download.html</a>这里可以下载到它的最新版本和文档，目前最新版本是3.7，这里使用比较稳定的3.6版。</span></p> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2.1.2加入jar包</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 将根目录下的poi-3.6-20091214.jar和Lib目录下三个通用包 commons-logging-1.1.jar junit-3.8.1.jar log4j-1.2.13.jar拷贝到项目的Lib下</span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.2 Jakarta POI HSSF API组件</h3> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> HSSF（用于操作Excel的组件）提供给用户使用的对象在rg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel包中,主要部分包括Excel对象，样式和格式，还有辅助操作。有以下几种对象：</span><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"> </span></p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"><strong>常用组件：</strong></span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFWorkbook excel的文档对象</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFSheet excel的表单</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFRow excel的行</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFCell excel的格子单元</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFFont excel字体</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFDataFormat 日期格式</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFHeader sheet头</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFFooter sheet尾（只有打印的时候才能看到效果）</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"><strong>样式：</strong></span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFCellStyle cell样式</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"><strong>辅助操作包括：</strong></span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFDateUtil 日期</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFPrintSetup 打印</span></p> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表</span></p> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.3 基本操作步骤</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 首先，理解一下一个Excel的文件的组织形式，一个Excel文件对应于一个workbook(HSSFWorkbook)，一个workbook可以有多个sheet（HSSFSheet）组成，一个sheet是由多个row（HSSFRow）组成，一个row是由多个cell（HSSFCell）组成。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> <strong>基本操作步骤：</strong></span></p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">1、用HSSFWorkbook打开或者创建“Excel文件对象”</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">2、用HSSFWorkbook对象返回或者创建Sheet对象</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">3、用Sheet对象返回行对象，用行对象得到Cell对象</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">4、对Cell对象读写。</span></p> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 下面来看一个动态生成Excel文件的例子：</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">//创建HSSFWorkbook对象 | |
| HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); | |
| //创建HSSFSheet对象 | |
| HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("sheet0"); | |
| //创建HSSFRow对象 | |
| HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); | |
| //创建HSSFCell对象 | |
| HSSFCell cell=row.createCell(0); | |
| //设置单元格的值 | |
| cell.setCellValue("单元格中的中文"); | |
| //输出Excel文件 | |
| FileOutputStream output=new FileOutputStream("d:\\workbook.xls"); | |
| wkb.write(output); | |
| output.flush();</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> HSSF读取文件同样还是使用这几个对象，只是把相应的createXXX方法变成了getXXX方法即可。可见只要理解了其中原理，不管是读还是写亦或是特定格式都可以轻松实现，正所谓知其然更要知其所以然。</span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.4 导出Excel应用实例</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; line-height:1.5"> 在2.3中我们寥寥几行代码实际上就已经就是实现了导出Excel一个简单示例，下面我们在看如何实现导出如图所示的Excel表格？</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; line-height:1.5"><img src="http://images.cnitblog.com/blog2015/708076/201503/170838550954408.png" alt=""></span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; line-height:1.5"> 代码如下：（实际开发中应封装到业务层组件中，然后在控制层中调用。这里直接写在控制层组件，如Servlet的doGet/doPost方法或Struts框架的execute方法中）</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">//创建HSSFWorkbook对象(excel的文档对象) | |
| HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); | |
| //建立新的sheet对象（excel的表单） | |
| HSSFSheet sheet=wkb.createSheet("成绩表"); | |
| //在sheet里创建第一行，参数为行索引(excel的行)，可以是0～65535之间的任何一个 | |
| HSSFRow row1=sheet.createRow(0); | |
| //创建单元格（excel的单元格，参数为列索引，可以是0～255之间的任何一个 | |
| HSSFCell cell=row1.createCell(0); | |
| //设置单元格内容 | |
| cell.setCellValue("学员考试成绩一览表"); | |
| //合并单元格CellRangeAddress构造参数依次表示起始行，截至行，起始列， 截至列 | |
| sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0,0,0,3)); | |
| //在sheet里创建第二行 | |
| HSSFRow row2=sheet.createRow(1); | |
| //创建单元格并设置单元格内容 | |
| row2.createCell(0).setCellValue("姓名"); | |
| row2.createCell(1).setCellValue("班级"); | |
| row2.createCell(2).setCellValue("笔试成绩"); | |
| row2.createCell(3).setCellValue("机试成绩"); | |
| //在sheet里创建第三行 | |
| HSSFRow row3=sheet.createRow(2); | |
| row3.createCell(0).setCellValue("李明"); | |
| row3.createCell(1).setCellValue("As178"); | |
| row3.createCell(2).setCellValue(87); | |
| row3.createCell(3).setCellValue(78); | |
| //.....省略部分代码 | |
| //输出Excel文件 | |
| OutputStream output=response.getOutputStream(); | |
| response.reset(); | |
| response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=details.xls"); | |
| response.setContentType("application/msexcel"); | |
| wkb.write(output); | |
| output.close(); | |
| retrun null;</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 加下划线这部分代码是B/S模式中采用的输出方式，而不是输出到本地指定的磁盘目录。该代码表示将details.xls的Excel文件通过应答实体（response）输出给请求的客户端浏览器，客户端可保存或直接打开。</span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.5 样式设置</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 在实际应用中导出的Excel文件往往需要阅读和打印的，这就需要对输出的Excel文档进行排版和样式的设置，主要操作有合并单元格、设置单元格样式、设置字体样式等。</span></p> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2.5.1单元格合并</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 使用HSSFSheet的addMergedRegion()方法</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">public int addMergedRegion(CellRangeAddress region)</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 参数CellRangeAddress 表示合并的区域，构造方法如下：</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">CellRangeAddress(int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstCol, int lastCol)</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p class="p0"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 构造参数依次表示起始行，截至行，起始列， 截至列。</span><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'">示例代码参照2.4部分</span></p> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">2.5.2设置单元格的行高、列宽</span></h3> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">HSSFSheet sheet=wb.createSheet(); | |
| sheet.setDefaultRowHeightInPoints(10);//设置缺省列高sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(20);//设置缺省列宽 | |
| //设置指定列的列宽，256 * 50这种写法是因为width参数单位是单个字符的256分之一 | |
| sheet.setColumnWidth(cell.getColumnIndex(), 256 * 50);</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2.5.2单元格样式</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 1、创建HSSFCellStyle</span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java"> HSSFCellStyle cellStyle=wkb.createCellStyle()</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2、设置样式</span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java"> // 设置单元格的横向和纵向对齐方式，具体参数就不列了，参考HSSFCellStyle | |
| cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY); | |
| cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); | |
| /* 设置单元格的填充方式，以及前景颜色和背景颜色 | |
| 三点注意： | |
| 1.如果需要前景颜色或背景颜色，一定要指定填充方式，两者顺序无所谓； | |
| 2.如果同时存在前景颜色和背景颜色，前景颜色的设置要写在前面； | |
| 3.前景颜色不是字体颜色。 | |
| */ | |
| //设置填充方式(填充图案) | |
| cellStyle.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.DIAMONDS); | |
| //设置前景色 | |
| cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); | |
| //设置背景颜色 | |
| cellStyle.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index); | |
| // 设置单元格底部的边框及其样式和颜色 | |
| // 这里仅设置了底边边框，左边框、右边框和顶边框同理可设 | |
| cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_SLANTED_DASH_DOT); | |
| cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.DARK_RED.index); | |
| //设置日期型数据的显示样式 | |
| cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm")); </pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3、将样式应用于单元格</span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java"> cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); | |
| //将样式应用到行，但有些样式只对单元格起作用 | |
| row.setRowStyle(cellStyle);</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2.5.2设置字体样式</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 1、创建HSSFFont对象（调用HSSFWorkbook 的createFont方法）</span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">HSSFWorkbook wb=new HSSFWorkbook(); | |
| HSSFFont fontStyle=wb.createFont(); | |
| HSSFWorkbook wb=new HSSFWorkbook ();</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 2、设置字体各种样式</span></p> | |
| <div> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java"> //设置字体样式 | |
| fontStyle.setFontName("宋体"); | |
| //设置字体高度 | |
| fontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short)20); | |
| //设置字体颜色 | |
| font.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index); | |
| //设置粗体 | |
| fontStyle.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); | |
| //设置斜体 | |
| font.setItalic(true); | |
| //设置下划线 | |
| font.setUnderline(HSSFFont.U_SINGLE);</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3、将字体设置到单元格样式</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"></span><pre name="code" class="java">//字体也是单元格格式的一部分，所以从属于HSSFCellStyle | |
| // 将字体对象赋值给单元格样式对象 | |
| cellStyle.setFont(font); | |
| // 将单元格样式应用于单元格 | |
| cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);</pre></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 2.6 导入Excel应用实例</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 实现将已存在的Excel文件中的数据导入到系统中的基本步骤同导出十分的类似，关键在于要了解要导入Excel文件的结构，比如数据有哪些列、读取数据起始位置（有效数据从第几行几列开始）等。在实际项目中由于这些数据（Excel文件）往往来自于日常办公人员或其他系统平台产生的业务数据，因此这些Excel文件的数据格式要有统一的要求，并提供访问接口（指访问途径），这样在所需数据的系统中就可通过提供这个访问接口调用方法，从而获得数据。解决方案采用Web | |
| Service是不错的选择。这里，我们就以导入2..4所产生的excel表为例，重点掌握如何编写导入Excel代码</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">public List<ScoreInfo> loadScoreInfo(String xlsPath) throws IOException{ | |
| List temp = new ArrayList(); | |
| FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream(xlsPath); | |
| //根据指定的文件输入流导入Excel从而产生Workbook对象 | |
| Workbook wb0 = new HSSFWorkbook(fileIn); | |
| //获取Excel文档中的第一个表单 | |
| Sheet sht0 = wb0.getSheetAt(0); | |
| //对Sheet中的每一行进行迭代 | |
| for (Row r : sht0) { | |
| //如果当前行的行号（从0开始）未达到2（第三行）则从新循环 | |
| If(r.getRowNum()<1){ | |
| continue; | |
| } | |
| //创建实体类 | |
| ScoreInfo info=new ScoreInfo(); | |
| //取出当前行第1个单元格数据，并封装在info实体stuName属性上 | |
| info.setStuName(r.getCell(0).getStringCellValue()); | |
| info.setClassName(r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue()); | |
| info.setRscore(r.getCell(2).getNumericCellValue()); | |
| info.setLscore(r.getCell(3).getNumericCellValue()); | |
| temp.add(info); | |
| } | |
| fileIn.close(); | |
| return temp; | |
| }</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <table border="0" style="border:0px solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; color:#333333; font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:25px; width:100%; height:38px; background-color:#1570a6"> | |
| <tbody> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td style="border-style:solid; border-color:silver; border-collapse:collapse; padding:3px"> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><strong><span style="color:#ffffff; font-size:14pt">三、使用java Excel操作Excel文件</span></strong></span></td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </tbody> | |
| </table> | |
| <p style="text-align:left"> <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'">Java Excel是一开放源码项目，通过它Java开发人员可以读取Excel文件的内容、创建新的Excel文件、更新已经存在的Excel文件。jxl 由于其小巧 易用的特点, 逐渐已经取代了 POI-excel的地位, 成为了越来越多的java开发人员生成excel文件的首选。Java Excel的特征：</span></p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">● 支持Excel 95-2000的所有版本 | |
| </span><br> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> ● 生成Excel 2000标准格式 | |
| </span><br> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> ● 支持字体、数字、日期格式化操作 | |
| </span><br> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> ● 支持对单元格加阴影和加色彩； | |
| </span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">● 修改存在的工作表；</span><br> | |
| <span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> ● 支持图像和图表 </span> | |
| </p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">● 日志记录可以定制</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">● 更小更快更省内存</span></p> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 应该说以上功能已经能够大致满足我们的需要。最关键的是这套API是纯Java的，并不依赖Windows系统，即使运行在Linux下，它同样能够正确的处理Excel文件。另外需要说明的是，这套API对图形和图表的支持很有限，而且仅仅识别PNG格式。在线帮助文档</span><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'"><a target="_blank" href="http://jexcelapi.sourceforge.net/resources/javadocs/2_6_10/docs/index.html">http://jexcelapi.sourceforge.net/resources/javadocs/2_6_10/docs/index.html</a></span></p> | |
| <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 在这里我们将通过一些实例，学习掌握读取、新建、更新，其中也包括常见格式的设置:字体、颜色、背景、合并单元格等操作，有这些其实已经基本足够应付大部分问题了。</span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 3.1环境配置</h3> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3.1.1下载</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 下载地址 <a target="_blank" href="http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/"> | |
| http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/</a></span></p> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3.1.2 加入jar包</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 将jxl.jar拷贝到项目的Lib下</span></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 3.2 使用Java Excel Api 导出 Excel文件</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 下面我们在看如何使用Java Excel实现导出Excel表格？</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 代码如下：（实际开发中应封装到业务层组件中，然后在控制层中调用。这里直接写在控制层组件，如Servlet的doGet/doPost方法或Struts框架的execute方法中）</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"></span><pre name="code" class="java">//获得输出流，该输出流的输出介质是客户端浏览器 | |
| OutputStream output=response.getOutputStream(); | |
| response.reset(); | |
| response.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment; filename=temp.xls"); | |
| response.setContentType("application/msexcel"); | |
| //创建可写入的Excel工作薄，且内容将写入到输出流，并通过输出流输出给客户端浏览 | |
| WritableWorkbook wk=Workbook.createWorkbook(output); | |
| ///创建可写入的Excel工作表 | |
| WritableSheet sheet=wk.createSheet("成绩表", 0); | |
| //把单元格（column, row）到单元格（column1, row1）进行合并。 | |
| //mergeCells(column, row, column1, row1); | |
| sheet.mergeCells(0,0, 4,0);//单元格合并方法 | |
| //创建WritableFont 字体对象，参数依次表示黑体、字号12、粗体、非斜体、不带下划线、亮蓝色 | |
| WritableFont titleFont=new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("黑体"),12,WritableFont.BOLD,false,UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,Colour.LIGHT_BLUE); | |
| //创建WritableCellFormat对象，将该对象应用于单元格从而设置单元格的样式 | |
| WritableCellFormat titleFormat=new WritableCellFormat(); | |
| //设置字体格式 | |
| titleFormat.setFont(titleFont); | |
| //设置文本水平居中对齐 | |
| titleFormat.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); | |
| //设置文本垂直居中对齐 | |
| titleFormat.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); | |
| //设置背景颜色 | |
| titleFormat.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25); | |
| //设置自动换行 | |
| titleFormat.setWrap(true); | |
| //添加Label对象，参数依次表示在第一列，第一行，内容，使用的格式 | |
| Label lab_00=new Label(0,0,"学员考试成绩一览表",titleFormat); | |
| //将定义好的Label对象添加到工作表上，这样工作表的第一列第一行的内容为‘学员考试成绩一览表’并应用了titleFormat定义的样式 | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_00); | |
| WritableCellFormat cloumnTitleFormat=new WritableCellFormat(); | |
| cloumnTitleFormat.setFont(new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),10,WritableFont.BOLD,false)); | |
| cloumnTitleFormat.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); | |
| Label lab_01=new Label(0,1,"姓名",cloumnTitleFormat); | |
| Label lab_11=new Label(1,1,"班级",cloumnTitleFormat); | |
| Label lab_21=new Label(2,1,"笔试成绩",cloumnTitleFormat); | |
| Label lab_31=new Label(3,1,"上机成绩",cloumnTitleFormat); | |
| Label lab_41=new Label(4,1,"考试日期",cloumnTitleFormat); | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_01); | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_11); | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_21); | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_31); | |
| sheet.addCell(lab_41); | |
| sheet.addCell(new Label(0,2,"李明")); | |
| sheet.addCell(new Label(1,2,"As178")); | |
| //定义数字格式 | |
| NumberFormat nf=new NumberFormat("0.00"); | |
| WritableCellFormat wcf=new WritableCellFormat(nf); | |
| //类似于Label对象，区别Label表示文本数据，Number表示数值型数据 | |
| Number numlab_22=new Number(2,2,78,wcf); | |
| sheet.addCell(numlab_22); | |
| sheet.addCell(newNumber(3,2,87,new WritableCellFormat(new NumberFormat("#.##") ))); | |
| //定义日期格式 | |
| DateFormat df=new DateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); | |
| //创建WritableCellFormat对象 | |
| WritableCellFormat datewcf=new WritableCellFormat(df); | |
| //类似于Label对象，区别Label表示文本数据，DateTime表示日期型数据 | |
| DateTime dtLab_42=new DateTime(4,2,new Date(),datewcf); | |
| sheet.addCell(dtLab_42); | |
| //将定义的工作表输出到之前指定的介质中（这里是客户端浏览器） | |
| wk.write(); | |
| //操作完成时，关闭对象，释放占用的内存空间 | |
| wk.close(); | |
| 加下划线这部分代码是B/S模式中采用的输出方式，而不是输出到本地指定的磁盘目录。该代码表示将temp.xls的Excel文件通过应答实体（response）输出给请求的客户端浏览器，下载到客户端本地（保存或直接打开）。若要直接输出到磁盘文件可采用下列代码替换加下划线这部分代码 | |
| File file=new File("D://temp.xls"); | |
| WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(file); </pre></p> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 3.3高级操作</h3> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3.3.1数据格式化</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 在Excel中不涉及复杂的数据类型，能够比较好的处理字串、数字和日期已经能够满足一般的应用即可。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 数据的格式化涉及到的是字体、粗细、字号等元素，这些功能主要由 WritableFont和WritableCellFormat类来负责。例如：</span></p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <p align="left"><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">① WritableFont font=new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),12,WritableFont.NO_BOLD );</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">② WritableCellFormat format1=new WritableCellFormat(font);</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">③ Label label=new Label(0,0,”data 4 test”,format1);</span></p> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 其中</span></p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">I.指定了字串格式：字体为宋体，字号16，加粗显示。WritableFont有非常丰富的构造子，供不同情况下使用，jExcelAPI的java-doc中有详细列表，这里不再列出。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">II. 处代码使用了WritableCellFormat类，这个类非常重要，通过它可以指定单元格的各种属性，如上例代码所示。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">III. 处使用了Label类的构造子，指定了显示的位置，文本内容，字串被赋予的格式。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px">与Label类似的Number、DateTime，区别Label表示文本数据；Number表示数值数据，可使NumberFormat格式化数据；用DateTime表示日期型数据，可应用DateFormat格式化数据。</span></p> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <h3><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 3.3.2单元格操作</span></h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> Excel中很重要的一部分是对单元格的操作，比如行高、列宽、单元格合并等，所幸jExcelAPI提供了这些支持。这些操作相对比较简单，下面只介绍一下相关的API。</span></p> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"><strong> 1、 合并单元格</strong></span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">WritableSheet.mergeCells(int m,int n,int p,int q); | |
| //作用是从(m,n)到(p,q)的单元格全部合并，比如： | |
| WritableSheet sheet=book.createSheet(“第一页”,0); | |
| //合并第一列第一行到第六列第一行的所有单元格 | |
| sheet.mergeCells(0,0,5,0); | |
| //合并既可以是横向的，也可以是纵向的。合并后的单元格不能再次进行合并，否则会触发异常。</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"><strong> 2、 行高和列宽</strong></span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java"> writableSheet.setRowView(int i,int height); | |
| //作用是指定第i+1行的高度，比如： | |
| // 将第一行的高度设为200 | |
| sheet.setRowView(0,200); | |
| WritableSheet.setColumnView(int i,int width); | |
| //作用是指定第i+1列的宽度，比如： | |
| //将第一列的宽度设为30 | |
| sheet.setColumnView(0,30); </pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 3.4 从Excel文件读取数据表</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 我们就以导入3.2所产生的excel表为例，掌握如何编写导入Excel代码(该代码封装在业务层方法</span>)</p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">public List<ScoreInfo> loadScoreInfo(String xlsPath) throws IOException, BiffException{ | |
| //导入已存在的Excel文件，获得只读的工作薄对象 | |
| FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(xlsPath); | |
| Workbook wk=Workbook.getWorkbook(fis); | |
| //获取第一张Sheet表 | |
| Sheet sheet=wk.getSheet(0); | |
| //获取总行数 | |
| int rowNum=sheet.getRows(); | |
| //从数据行开始迭代每一行 | |
| for(int i=2;i<rowNum;i++){ | |
| ScoreInfo info=new ScoreInfo(); | |
| //getCell(column,row)，表示取得指定列指定行的单元格（Cell） | |
| //getContents()获取单元格的内容，返回字符串数据。适用于字符型数据的单元格 | |
| //使用实体类封装单元格数据 | |
| info.setStuName(sheet.getCell(0, i).getContents()); | |
| info.setClassName(sheet.getCell(1, i).getContents()); | |
| //判断单元格的类型，单元格主要类型LABEL、NUMBER、DATE if(sheet.getCell(2,i).getType==CellType.NUMBER){ | |
| //转化为数值型单元格 | |
| NumberCell numCell=(NumberCell)sheet.getCell(2,i); | |
| //NumberCell的getValue()方法取得单元格的数值型数据 | |
| info.setRscore(numCell.getValue()); | |
| } | |
| if(sheet.getCell(3,i).getType==CellType.NUMBER){ | |
| NumberCell numCell=(NumberCell)sheet.getCell(3,i); | |
| info.setRscore(numCell.getValue); | |
| } | |
| if(sheet.getCell(4,i).getType==CellType.DATE){ | |
| DateCell dateCell=(DateCell)sheet.getCell(4,i); | |
| //DateCell的getDate()方法取得单元格的日期型数据 | |
| info.setDate(dateCell.getDate()); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| fis.close(); | |
| wk.close(); | |
| }</pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <h3 style="padding:5px 0px; color:#3399cc; font-size:18px; font-family:微软雅黑,宋体,黑体,Arial; height:25px; line-height:25px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:#3399cc; margin:15px!important"> | |
| 3.4 更新已存在的Excel文件</h3> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 将3.2所产生的excel表（temp.xls）的第一条记录（excel文件的指第三行）的班级名称改为As179，代码如下：</span></p> | |
| <div class="cnblogs_code"> | |
| <pre><pre name="code" class="java">File file=new File("d://temp.xls"); | |
| //导入已存在的Excel文件，获得只读的工作薄对象 | |
| Workbook wk=Workbook.getWorkbook(file); | |
| //根据只读的工作薄对象（wk）创建可写入的Excel工作薄对象 | |
| WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(file, wk); | |
| //读取第一张工作表 | |
| WritableSheet sheet=wwb.getSheet(0); | |
| ///获得要编辑的单元格对象 | |
| WritableCell cell=sheet.getWritableCell(1, 2); | |
| //判断单元格的类型, 做出相应的转化 | |
| if(cell.getType()==CellType.LABEL){ | |
| Label lable=(Label)cell; | |
| //修改单元格的内容 | |
| lable.setString("As179"); | |
| } | |
| wwb.write(); | |
| wwb.close(); | |
| wk.close(); </pre></pre> | |
| </div> | |
| <p><span style="font-family:'Microsoft YaHei'; font-size:14px"> 对于更新已存在的Excel文件实际上就是获取已有工作薄对象（但是只读的），然后将获取的只读的工作薄对象转化为可写入的Excel工作薄对象（WritableWorkbook ），其他部分就是通过可写入WritableSheet 对象和可写入WritableCell 对象进行编辑。</span></p> | |
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