Android网络技术

网络技术

WebView

public class MainActivity extends Activity{

    private WebView webView;

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        webView =(WebView)findViewById(R.id.web_view);
        webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);//调用了setJavaScriptEnabled()方法来让WebView支持JavaScript脚本

        webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient(){
            public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView webView,String url){
                view.loadUrl(url);  //根据传入的参数再去加载新的网页
                return true;  //表示当前webView可以处理打开新网页的请求，不用借助系统浏览器
            }
        });
        webView.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
    }
}

注：

调用了WebView 的setWebViewClient()方法，并传入了WebViewClient 的匿名类作为参数，然后重写了shouldOverrideUrlLoading()方法。这就表明当需要从一个网页跳转到另一个网页时，我们希望目标网页仍然在当前WebView 中显示，而不是打开系统浏览器。

使用HTTP协议访问网络

HttpURLConnection

URL url =new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
HttpURLConnection connection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
//设置HTTP请求所使用的方法,常用的方法主要有两个，GET和POST
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
//自由定制一些设置
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
InputStream in=connection.getInputStream();
//可以调用disconnect()方法将这个HTTP连接关闭掉，如下所示
connection.disconnect();

Post请求

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes("username=admin&password=123456");

HttpClient

HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
HttpResponse httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
    //请求和响应都成功了
    HttpEntity entity =httpResponse.getEntity();
    String response =EntityUtils.toString(entity);  //如果返回的数据中有中文的话，那么会出现乱码     String respose =EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
}

//有时要在请求的时候，传递一些数据给服务器   也就是添加请求头
//在请求消息头中指定语言，保证服务器会返回中文数据
httpGet.addHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN");

HttpPost请求

HttpPost httpPost=new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");
List<NameValuePair> params=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username","admin"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password","123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity=new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);

数据解析

XML解析

Pull解析

    XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
String id = "";
String name = "";
String version = "";
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
    String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
    switch (eventType) {
        // 开始解析某个结点
        case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
            if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
                id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
            } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
                name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
            } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
                version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
            }
            break;
        }
        // 完成解析某个结点
        case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
            if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
                Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
                Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }
    eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}

SAX解析

public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {
    private String nodeName;
    private StringBuilder id;
    private StringBuilder name;
    private StringBuilder version;
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        id = new StringBuilder();
        name = new StringBuilder();
        version = new StringBuilder();
    }
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        // 记录当前结点名
        nodeName = localName;
    }
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        // 根据当前的结点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
        if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
            id.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
            name.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
            version.append(ch, start, length);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if ("app".equals(localName)) {
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "id is " + id.toString().trim());
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "name is " + name.toString().trim());
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "version is " + version.toString().trim());
            // 最后要将StringBuilder清空掉
            id.setLength(0);
            name.setLength(0);
            version.setLength(0);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
    }
}

SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
// 将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
// 开始执行解析
xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));

JSON

比起XML,JSON的主要优势在于它的体积更小，在网络上传输的时候可以更省流量。

JsonObject

JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
    JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
    String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
    String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
    String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
    Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
    Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
    Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
}

Gson

//一个对象
Gson gson = new Gson();
Person person = gson.fromJson(jsonData, Person.class);
//对象集合
List<Person> people = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType());

实例：

public interface HttpCallbackListener{\
    void onFinish(String response);
    void onError(Exception e);
}

public class HttpUtil{
    public static void sendHttpRequest(final String address,final HttpCallbackListener listener){
        new Thread(new Runnable(){
            public void run(){
                HttpURLConnection connection=null;
                try{
                    URL url = new URL(address);
                    connection =(HttpConnection)url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setDoInput(true);
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();   
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    if (listener != null) {
                        // 回调onFinish()方法
                        listener.onFinish(response.toString());
                    }   
                }catch(Exception e){}finally{
                    if (listener != null) {
                        // 回调onError()方法
                        listener.onError(e);
                    }
                }finally{
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

调用

HttpUtil.sendHttpRequest(address, new HttpCallbackListener() {
    @Override
    public void onFinish(String response) {
        // 在这里根据返回内容执行具体的逻辑

        //依旧还在子线程里，不能直接更新UI
    }
    @Override
    public void onError(Exception e) {
        // 在这里对异常情况进行处理
    }
});