为了学习netty的原理,以如下的例子进行了调试,如果使用请修改DEFAULT_URL和bind的ip值,以运行打印出的http进行访问即可。本例是netty作为文件服务的例子。
package netty.chapter10;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
public class HttpFileServer {
private static final String DEFAULT_URL = "/src/netty/chapter10";
public void run(final int port, final String url) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-decoder",new HttpRequestDecoder());
//解压器,将多个消息转换为单一的FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse,原因是http解压器在每个HTTP消息中
//会生成多个消息对象
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-aggregator",new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());
//支持异步发送大的码流(例如大的文件传输),但不占用过多的内存,防止发生java内存溢出错误。
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast("fileServerHandler", new HttpFileServerHandler(url));
}
});
ChannelFuture future = b.bind("192.168.32.242",port).sync();
System.out.println("http 文件服务器启动,网址是:" + "http://192.168.32.242:"+ port + url);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if(args.length > 0) {
try{
port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
}catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
String url = DEFAULT_URL;
if(args.length > 1) {
url = args[1];
}
new HttpFileServer().run(port, url);
}
}
package netty.chapter10;
import java.awt.HeadlessException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelProgressiveFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelProgressiveFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.LastHttpContent;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedFile;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
public class HttpFileServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
private final String url;
public HttpFileServerHandler(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
@Override
protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {
if (!request.getDecoderResult().isSuccess()) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
return;
}
if (request.getMethod() != HttpMethod.GET) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
return;
}
final String uri = request.getUri();
final String path = sanitizeUri(uri);
if (path == null) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.FORBIDDEN);
return;
}
File file = new File(path);
if (file.isHidden() || !file.exists()) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND);
return;
}
if (file.isDirectory()) {
if (uri.endsWith("/")) {
sendListing(ctx, file);
} else {
sendRedirect(ctx, uri+'/');
}
return;
}
if (!file.isFile()) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.FORBIDDEN);
return;
}
RandomAccessFile randomAccessfile = null;
try {
randomAccessfile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");//以只读的方式打开文件
} catch (FileNotFoundException fnde) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND);
return;
}
long fileLength = randomAccessfile.length();
HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK);
HttpHeaders.setContentLength(response, fileLength);
setContentTypeHeader(response, file);
if(HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive(request)) {
response.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);
}
ctx.write(response);
ChannelFuture sendFileFuture;
sendFileFuture = ctx.writeAndFlush(new ChunkedFile(randomAccessfile, 0, fileLength, 8192),
ctx.newProgressivePromise());
sendFileFuture.addListener(new ChannelProgressiveFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelProgressiveFuture future)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("Transfer complete.");
}
@Override
public void operationProgressed(ChannelProgressiveFuture future,
long progress, long total) throws Exception {
if(total < 0 ) {
System.out.println("Transfer progress:" + progress);
} else {
System.out.println("Transfer progress:" + progress + "/" +total);
}
}
});
ChannelFuture lastConChannelFuture = ctx.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT);
if (HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive(request)) {
lastConChannelFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
if(ctx.channel().isActive()) {
sendError(ctx, HttpResponseStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
}
}
private static final Pattern INSECURE_URI = Pattern.compile(".*[<>&\"].*");
private String sanitizeUri(String uri) {
try {
uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
try {
uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri,"ISO-8859-1");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException el) {
throw new Error();
}
}
if(!uri.startsWith(url)) {
return null;
}
if(!uri.startsWith("/")) {
return null;
}
uri = uri.replace('/', File.separatorChar);
if (uri.contains(File.separator + '.')
|| uri.contains('.'+File.separator) || uri.startsWith(".")
|| uri.endsWith(".") || INSECURE_URI.matcher(uri).matches()
) {
return null;
}
return System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + uri;
}
private static final Pattern ALLOWED_FILE_NAME = Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9][-_A-Za-z0-9\\.]*");
private void sendListing(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, File dir) {
FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK);
response.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html;charset=utf-8");
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
String dirPath = dir.getPath();
buf.append("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n");
buf.append("<html><head><title>");
buf.append(dirPath);
buf.append("目录:");
buf.append("</title></head><body>\r\n");
buf.append("<h3>");
buf.append(dirPath).append(" 目录:");
buf.append("</h3>\r\n");
buf.append("<ul>");
buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=\" ../\")..</a></li>\r\n");
for (File f : dir.listFiles()) {
if(f.isHidden() || !f.canRead()) {
continue;
}
String name = f.getName();
if (!ALLOWED_FILE_NAME.matcher(name).matches()) {
continue;
}
buf.append("<li>链接:<a href=\"");
buf.append(name);
buf.append("\">");
buf.append(name);
buf.append("</a></li>\r\n");
}
buf.append("</ul></body></html>\r\n");
ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(buf,CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
response.content().writeBytes(buffer);
buffer.release();
ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
private static void sendRedirect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String newUri) {
FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.FOUND);
response.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.LOCATION,newUri);
ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) {
FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, status,
Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Failure: " + status.toString() + "\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
response.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html;charset=utf-8");
ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
private static void setContentTypeHeader(HttpResponse response, File file) {
MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap();
response.headers().set(HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE, mimeTypesMap.getContentType(file.getPath()));
}
}