Netty 入门案例源码+注释

1.创建maven项目，引入Netty 依赖

 <dependency>
          <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
          <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
          <version>4.1.32.Final</version>
</dependency>

2.项目结构

3.编写HelloNettyServer

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class HelloNettyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

            //创建一对线程组，

            //定义主线程，用于接受客户端的连接，但是不会做任何处理，跟老板一样，不做事。
            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            //定义从线程，老板线程组会把任务给它，让手下去做。
            EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            //netty服务器的创建
            //ServerBootstrap是一个启动类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap =  new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup)  //设置主从线程类
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)        //设置nio的双向通道
            .childHandler(new HelloServerInitializer()); //子处理器，用于处理workerGroup

            //启动server，设置8088 为启动的端口号，同时启动方式为同步
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8088).sync();

            //监听关闭的channel，设置为同步方式
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

4.编写HelloServerInitializer

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;

/*
* 这是一个初始化器，当channel注册后，W
* 会执行里面的相应的初始化方法。
* */
public class HelloServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
        //通过SocketChannel 去获取相应的管道
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
        // 通过管道添加handler
        //httpServerCodec 是由netty自己提供助手类，可以理解为拦截器
        //当请求到服务器，我们需要解码，相应到客户端做编码
        pipeline.addLast("HttpServerCodec",new HttpServerCodec());
        //添加自定义的助手类，返回hello,netty
        pipeline.addLast("customHandler",new CustomHandler());

    }
}

5.编写CustomHandler

/*
* 创建自动一助手类
* */

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

//SimpleChannelInboundHandler:对于请求来说，其实相当于[入栈，入境]
public class CustomHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> {

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {
        //获取Channel
        Channel channel = ctx.channel();

        if (msg instanceof HttpRequest){
            //显示客户端的远程地址
            System.out.println(channel.remoteAddress());
            //定义发送的数据消息
            ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello netty", CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
            //构建一个http response
            FullHttpResponse response =
                    new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,HttpResponseStatus.OK,content);
            //为相应增加数据类型和长度
            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE,"text/plain");
            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH,content.readableBytes());

            //把相应到刷到相应的客户端
            ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
        }


    }
}

6.测试

成功！