SQL Server 查询表的结构

SELECT CASE WHEN col.colorder = 1 THEN obj.name
                ELSE ''
            END AS 表名,
    col.colorder AS 序号 ,
    col.name AS 列名 ,
    ISNULL(ep.[value], '') AS 列说明 ,
    t.name AS 数据类型 ,
    col.length AS 长度 ,
    ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS 小数位数 ,
    CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '1'
            ELSE ''
        END AS 标识 ,
    CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1
    FROM dbo.sysindexes si
        INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id
            AND si.indid = sik.indid
        INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id
            AND sc.colid = sik.colid
        INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name
            AND so.xtype = 'PK'
    WHERE    sc.id = col.id
        AND sc.colid = col.colid ) THEN '是'
            ELSE ''
        END AS 主键 ,
    CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN '是'
            ELSE ''
        END AS 允许空 ,
    ISNULL(comm.text, '') AS 默认值
FROM dbo.syscolumns col
    LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
    inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
        AND obj.xtype = 'U'
        AND obj.status >= 0
    LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
    LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
        AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
        AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
    LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
        AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
        AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE obj.name = 'YOUR_TABLE_NAME'--表名
ORDER BY col.colorder
GO

FROM: http://www.cnblogs.com/songxingzhu/p/5053149.html