js中定义对象的几种方式
1. 基于已有对象扩充其对象和方法(只适合于临时的生成一个对象):
var obj = new Object();
obj.name="userObject";
obj.printName = function(name){
this.name = name;
alert(this.name);
}
obj.printName("newUserObject");
2.工厂方式创建对象(每次创建一个object后,其中对应的方法(本例中是get)也被创建一次,方法不能被所创建的所有对象(本例中是obj1和obj2)共享):
a.
function createObject(){
var obj = new Object();
obj.name="userObject";
obj.password = "12345";
obj.get = function(){
alert(this.name + ", " + this.password);
}
return obj;
}
var obj1 = createObject();
var obj2 = createObject();
obj1.get();
obj2.get();
b.带参数的构造方法:
function createObject(username,password){
var obj = new Object();
obj.username = username;
obj.password = password;
obj.get = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
return obj;
}
var obj1 = createObject("zhangsan","123456");
obj1.get();
c.让函数被多个创建的对象所共享,而不是每一个对象都创建一个相同的函数(缺点:对象定义本身和方法分离了):
function get(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
function createObject(username,password){
var obj = new Object();
obj.username = username;
obj.password = password;
obj.get = get;
return obj;
}
var obj1 = createObject("zhangsan","123456");
var obj2 = createObject("lisi","54321");
obj1.get();
obj2.get();
3.构造函数方式:
a.
function Person(){
this.username = "zhangsan";
this.password = "123";
this.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
}
var person = new Person();
person.getInfo();
b.可以在构造函数是传递参数:
function Person(username,password){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
}
var person = new Person("zhangsan","123");
person.getInfo();
4.使用原型(prototype)方式创建对象:
优点:创建的多个对象共享同一个方法(getInfo)
缺点:创建的多个对象在共享同一个方法的同时也共享了同样的属性(username,password),实际开发中这样儿是
不行的,必须是多个对象都要有自己的属性。
采用该方式创建对象通常是用来扩展已有对象的某一个方法。
a.
function Person(){}
Person.prototype.username = "zhangsan";
Person.prototype.password = "123";
Person.prototype.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
var person = new Person();
var person2 = new Person();
person.username = "lisi";
person.getInfo();
person2.getInfo();
b.如果使用原型方式创建对象,那么生成的所有对象将会共享原型中的属性,这样儿一个对象改变了该属性也会反应到其他的对象上:
function Person(){}
Person.prototype.username = new Array(0;
Person.prototype.password = "123";
Person.prototype.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
var person = new Person();
var person2 = new Person();
person.username.push("zhangsan");
person.username.push("lisi");
person.password = "456";
person.getInfo();
person2.getInfo();
c.使用原型和构造函数方式来创建对象:
function Person(){
this.username = new Array();
this.password = "123"
}
Person.prototype.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
var person = new Person();
var person2 = new Person();
person.username.push("zhangsan");
person.username.push("lisi");
person.getInfo();
person2.getInfo();
5.动态原型方式:在构造函数中通过标志量让所有对象共享一个方法,而每个对象拥有自己的属性。
function Persion(){
this.username = "zhangsan";
this.password = "123";
if(typeof Person.flag == "undefined"){
Person.prototype.getInfo = function(){
alert(this.username + ", " + this.password);
}
Person.flag = true;
}
}
var p = new Person();
var p2 = new Person();
p.getInfo();
p2.getInfo();