对象间的联动——观察者模式

引用

观察者模式是使用频率最高的设计模式之一，它用于建立一种对象与对象之间的依赖关系，
一个对象发生改变时将自动通知其他对象，其他对象将相应作出反应。

观察者模式定义如下： 观察者模式(Observer Pattern)：定义对象之间的一种一对多依赖关系，
使得每当一个对象状态发生改变时，其相关依赖对象皆得到通知并被自动更新。

package Watch;

public interface Observer {
    public String getName();
    public void setName(String name);
    public void help(); //声明支援盟友方法
    public void beAttacked(AllyControlCenter acc); //声明遭受攻击方法
}

package Watch;

//战队成员类：具体观察者类
public class Player implements Observer{
    private String name;
    public Player(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }
    //支援盟友方法的实现
    public void help() {
        System.out.println("坚持住，" + this.name + "来救你！");
    }
    //遭受攻击方法的实现，当遭受攻击时将调用战队控制中心类的通知方法notifyObserver()来通知盟友
    public void beAttacked(AllyControlCenter acc) {
        System.out.println(this.name + "被攻击！");
        acc.notifyObserver(name);
    }

}

package Watch;

import java.util.ArrayList;

//战队控制中心类：目标类
public abstract class AllyControlCenter {
    protected String allyName; //战队名称
    protected ArrayList<Observer> players = new ArrayList<Observer>(); //定义一个集合用于存储战队成员
    public void setAllyName(String allyName) {
        this.allyName = allyName;
    }
    public String getAllyName() {
        return this.allyName;
    }
    //注册方法
    public void join(Observer obs) {
        System.out.println(obs.getName() + "加入" + this.allyName + "战队！");
        players.add(obs);
    }
    //注销方法
    public void quit(Observer obs) {
        System.out.println(obs.getName() + "退出" + this.allyName + "战队！");
        players.remove(obs);
    }
    //声明抽象通知方法
    public abstract void notifyObserver(String name);

}

package Watch;

//具体战队控制中心类：具体目标类
class ConcreteAllyControlCenter extends AllyControlCenter {
    public ConcreteAllyControlCenter(String allyName) {
        System.out.println(allyName + "战队组建成功！");
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        this.allyName = allyName;
    }
    //实现通知方法
    public void notifyObserver(String name) {
        System.out.println(this.allyName + "战队紧急通知，盟友" + name + "遭受敌人攻击！");
//遍历观察者集合，调用每一个盟友（自己除外）的支援方法
        for(Object obs : players) {
            if (!((Observer)obs).getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
                ((Observer)obs).help();
            }
        }
    }
}

package Watch;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
//定义观察目标对象
        AllyControlCenter acc=new ConcreteAllyControlCenter("金庸群侠");
//定义四个观察者对象
        Observer player1,player2,player3,player4;
        player1 = new Player("杨过");
        acc.join(player1);
        player2 = new Player("令狐冲");
        acc.join(player2);
        player3 = new Player("张无忌");
        acc.join(player3);
        player4 = new Player("段誉");
        acc.join(player4);
//某成员遭受攻击
        player1.beAttacked(acc);
    }

}