第十五章、groovy与web服务交互

1、预览web services

• REST（REpresentational State Transfer (REST))
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
• ATOM (RFC-4287)
• XML Remote Procedure Call(XML-RPC) 它添加了上下文，所有它是有状态的
• SOAP继续扩展XML-RPC，增加一些新特性，比如安全、事务、可靠消息

2、读取RSS 和ATOM

• package com.jack.groovy.ch15
  
  import groovy.xml.Namespace
  
  /**
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/12/6
   *
   */
  // 获取bbc的头三条消息
  def base = 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/rss/newsonline_uk_edition/'
  
  def url = base + 'front_page/rss091.xml'
  
  println 'The top three news items today:'
  //其实就是一个xml文件
  def items = new XmlParser().parse(url).channel[0].item
  for (item in items[0..2]) {
      // 标题
      println item.title.text()
      //详情地址url
      println item.link.text()
      // 描述
      println item.decription.text()
      println '---------------'
  }
  // RSS 结构
  //        <rss ...>
  //
  //          <channel>
  //
  //              ...
  //
  //              <item>
  //
  //                  <title>...</title>
  //
  //                  <description>...</description>
  //
  //                   <link>...</link>
  //
  //                    ...
  
  // 使用Atom feed解析
  def urlAtom = 'http:/www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/java/rss' +
          'libraryview.jsp?feed_by=atom'
  def atom = new Namespace('http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom')
  def numEntries = 3
  def entries = new XmlParser().parse(url)[atom.entry][0..<numEntries]
  def len = "dd mmm yyyy ".size()
  def summaries = entries.collect {
      it[atom.published].text()[0..<len] +
              (it[atom.summary].text().contains('Groovy') ? '*' : ' ')+
              it[atom.title].text()
  }
  println summaries.join("\n")
  
  // Atom 格式结构
  //        <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  //
  //            ...
  //
  //            <entry>
  //
  //                  <title>Java.next: The Java.next languages</title>
  //
  //                      ...
  
  
  

3、使用REST的API

4、使用XML-RPC

5、应用SOAP

• SOAP 扩展XML-RPC的功能
  • 一方面是数据类型（datatypes)
  • WSDL(Web Services Definition Language ) : 描述SOAP信息

5.1、Groovy常规使用SOAP

• package com.jack.groovy.ch15
  
  /**
   * @author liangchen* @date 2020/12/6
   */
  
  import groovy.xml.Namespace
  
  
  
  def url  = 'http://www.webservicex.net/CurrencyConvertor.asmx?WSDL'
  
  def wsdl = new Namespace('http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/','wsdl')
  
  def doc  = new XmlParser().parse(url)
  
  
  
  println doc[wsdl.portType][wsdl.operation].'@name'
  
  
  // 使用 Conversion Rate SOAP服务
  // 使用模板生成数据
  import groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine as STE
  import groovy.xml.Namespace
  def file = new File('data/conv.templ.xml')
  def template = new STE().createTemplate(file)
  def params = [from:'USD', to:'EUR']
  def request = template.make(params).toString().getBytes('UTF-8')
  
  // 定义请求
  url = 'http://www.webservicex.net/CurrencyConvertor.asmx'
  def conn = new URL(url).openConnection()
  def reqProps = [
          'Content-Type' : 'text/xml; charset=UTF-8',
          'SOAPAction' : 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/ConversionRate',
          'Accept': 'application/soap+xml, text/*'
  ]
  reqProps.each { key, value -> conn.addRequestProperty(key, value) }
  conn.requestMethod = 'POST'
  conn.doOutput = true
  // 发送请求
  conn.outputStream << new ByteArrayOutputStream(request)
  
  // 处理请求响应数据
  if (conn.responseCode != conn.HTTP_OK) {
   println "Error - HTTP:${conn.responseCode}"
   return
  }
  def resp = new XmlParser().parse(conn.inputStream)
  def serv = new Namespace('http://www.webserviceX.NET/')
  def result = serv.ConversionRateResult
  print "Current USD to EUR conversion rate: "
  println resp.depthFirst().find{result == it.name()}.text()
  

5.2、使用HTTPBuilder简化使用SOAP

• @Grab('org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder:http-builder:0.7.2')
  import groovyx.net.http.RESTClient
  import static  groovyx.net.http.ContentType.XML
  
  def base = 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/CurrentConvertor.asmx'
  def soapEnv = 'http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope'
  def contentType = 'application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8'
  new RESTClient(base).with{
      parser.'application/soap+xml' = parser.'applicaiton/xml'
      headers = ['Content-Type' : contentType]
      post(requestContentType:XML,body: {
          'soap:Envelope'('xmlns:soap': soapEnv){
              'soap:Body'{
                  ConversionRate(xmlns: 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/'){
                      FromCurrency('USD')
                      ToCurrency('EUR')
  
                  }
              }
          }
      }){resp, data ->
          assert  resp.status ==200
          println data.text()
      }
  }
  

5.3、使用groovy-wslite 简化使用SOAP

• @Grab('com.github.groovy-wslite:groovy-wslite:1.1.0')
  
  import wslite.soap.SOAPClient
  
  
  
  def url = 'http://www.webservicex.net/CurrencyConvertor.asmx?WSDL'
  
  def client = new SOAPClient(url)
  
  def action = "http://www.webserviceX.NET/ConversionRate"
  
  def response = client.send(SOAPAction: action) {
  
      body {
  
          ConversionRate(xmlns: 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/') {
  
              FromCurrency('USD')
  
              ToCurrency('EUR')
  
          }
  
      }
  
  }
  
  assert response.httpResponse.statusCode == 200
  
  println response.ConversionRateResponse.ConversionRateResult
  
   切换使用SOAP 1.2
  @Grab('com.github.groovy-wslite:groovy-wslite:1.1.0')
  
  import wslite.soap.*
  
  
  
  def url = 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/CurrencyConvertor.asmx?WSDL'
  
  def client = new SOAPClient(url)
  
  def response = client.send {
  
      version SOAPVersion.V1_2
  
      body {
  
          ConversionRate(xmlns: 'http://www.webserviceX.NET/') {
  
              FromCurrency('USD')
  
              ToCurrency('EUR')
  
          }
  
      }
  
  }
  
  assert response.httpResponse.statusCode == 200
  
  println response.ConversionRateResponse.ConversionRateResult
  

6、总结