Requests 一、实例: import requests response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/') print(type(response)) print(response.status_code) print(type(response.text)) print(response.text) print(response.cookies) 二、请求 1.GET请求: import requests response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print(response.text) 2.带参数GET请求: import requests response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22") print(response.text) 3.请求头: import requests data = { 'name': 'germey', 'age': 22 }#这里单引号双引号没区别 response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=data) print(response.text) 4.基本POST请求: import requests data = {'name': 'germey', 'age': '22'} headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data, headers=headers) print(response.json()) 三、响应信息: 1.reponse属性 import requests response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com') print(type(response.status_code), response.status_code) print(type(response.headers), response.headers) print(type(response.cookies), response.cookies) print(type(response.url), response.url) print(type(response.history), response.history) 2.状态码判断 import requests response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com/hello.html') exit() if not response.status_code == requests.codes.not_found else print('404 Not Found') 100: ('continue',), 101: ('switching_protocols',), 102: ('processing',), 103: ('checkpoint',), 122: ('uri_too_long', 'request_uri_too_long'), 200: ('ok', 'okay', 'all_ok', 'all_okay', 'all_good', '\\o/', '✓'), 201: ('created',), 202: ('accepted',), 203: ('non_authoritative_info', 'non_authoritative_information'), 204: ('no_content',), 205: ('reset_content', 'reset'), 206: ('partial_content', 'partial'), 207: ('multi_status', 'multiple_status', 'multi_stati', 'multiple_stati'), 208: ('already_reported',), 226: ('im_used',), # Redirection. 300: ('multiple_choices',), 301: ('moved_permanently', 'moved', '\\o-'), 302: ('found',), 303: ('see_other', 'other'), 304: ('not_modified',), 305: ('use_proxy',), 306: ('switch_proxy',), 307: ('temporary_redirect', 'temporary_moved', 'temporary'), 308: ('permanent_redirect', 'resume_incomplete', 'resume',), # These 2 to be removed in 3.0 # Client Error. 400: ('bad_request', 'bad'), 401: ('unauthorized',), 402: ('payment_required', 'payment'), 403: ('forbidden',), 404: ('not_found', '-o-'), 405: ('method_not_allowed', 'not_allowed'), 406: ('not_acceptable',), 407: ('proxy_authentication_required', 'proxy_auth', 'proxy_authentication'), 408: ('request_timeout', 'timeout'), 409: ('conflict',), 410: ('gone',), 411: ('length_required',), 412: ('precondition_failed', 'precondition'), 413: ('request_entity_too_large',), 414: ('request_uri_too_large',), 415: ('unsupported_media_type', 'unsupported_media', 'media_type'), 416: ('requested_range_not_satisfiable', 'requested_range', 'range_not_satisfiable'), 417: ('expectation_failed',), 418: ('im_a_teapot', 'teapot', 'i_am_a_teapot'), 421: ('misdirected_request',), 422: ('unprocessable_entity', 'unprocessable'), 423: ('locked',), 424: ('failed_dependency', 'dependency'), 425: ('unordered_collection', 'unordered'), 426: ('upgrade_required', 'upgrade'), 428: ('precondition_required', 'precondition'), 429: ('too_many_requests', 'too_many'), 431: ('header_fields_too_large', 'fields_too_large'), 444: ('no_response', 'none'), 449: ('retry_with', 'retry'), 450: ('blocked_by_windows_parental_controls', 'parental_controls'), 451: ('unavailable_for_legal_reasons', 'legal_reasons'), 499: ('client_closed_request',), # Server Error. 500: ('internal_server_error', 'server_error', '/o\\', '✗'), 501: ('not_implemented',), 502: ('bad_gateway',), 503: ('service_unavailable', 'unavailable'), 504: ('gateway_timeout',), 505: ('http_version_not_supported', 'http_version'), 506: ('variant_also_negotiates',), 507: ('insufficient_storage',), 509: ('bandwidth_limit_exceeded', 'bandwidth'), 510: ('not_extended',), 511: ('network_authentication_required', 'network_auth', 'network_authentication'), 四、解析json: import requests import json response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get") print(type(response.text)) print(response.json()) print(json.loads(response.text)) # 输出结果一样json.loads(response.text) response.json() print(type(response.json())) 在JavaScript语言中,一切都是对象。因此,任何支持的类型都可以通过JSON来表示,例如字符串、数字、对象、数组等,但是对象和数组是比较特殊且常用的两种类型,下面简要介绍一下它们。 JSON 键值对是用来保存 JS 对象的一种方式,和 JS 对象的写法也大同小异,键/值对组合中的键名写在前面并用双引号 "" 包裹,使用冒号 : 分隔,然后紧接着值: {"firstName": "Json"}={firstName : "Json"} var obj = {a: 'Hello', b: 'World'}; //这是一个对象,注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的 var json = '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'; //这是一个 JSON 字符串,本质是一个字符串 json文章:https://cuiqingcai.com/5564.html 五、获取二进制数据: import requests response = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico") print(type(response.text), type(response.content)) print(response.text) # <class 'str'> <class 'bytes'>字符串和二进制 print(response.content) 六、添加headers: import requests headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore", headers=headers) print(response.text) 七、高级操作: 1.文件上传 import requests files = {'file': open('favicon.ico', 'rb')} response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files=files) print(response.text) 2.获取cookie import requests response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com") print(response.cookies) for key1, value1 in response.cookies.items(): print(key1 + '=' + value1) 3.会话维持 import requests s = requests.Session() s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/123456789') response = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies') print(response.text) 4.证书验证 import requests response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', cert=('/path/server.crt', '/path/key')) # 手动提供一个证书 print(response.status_code) 5.代理设置 import requests proxies = { "http": "http://127.0.0.1:9743", "https": "https://127.0.0.1:9743", } response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies) # 设置代理 print(response.status_code) ####################################################################################################### import requests proxies = { "http": "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743/", # 账号密码的验证 } response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com", proxies=proxies) print(response.status_code) ####################################################################################################### 6.超时设置 import requests from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout try: response = requests.get("https://www.taobao.com/", timeout = 0.0000005) print(response.status_code) except ReadTimeout: print('Timeout') 7.认证设置 import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth r = requests.get('http://120.27.34.24:9001', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', '123')) print(r.status_code) 8.异常处理 import requests from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout, ConnectionError, RequestException try: response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", timeout = 0.5) print(response.status_code)
Requests小结
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 16:53:34 发布