PAT (Advanced Level) Practice 1073 Scientific Notation （20 分）（C++）（甲级）

1073 Scientific Notation （20 分）

Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [±][1-9].[0-9]+E[±][0-9]+ which means that the integer portion has exactly one digit, there is at least one digit in the fractional portion, and the number and its exponent’s signs are always provided even when they are positive.

Now given a real number A in scientific notation, you are supposed to print A in the conventional notation while keeping all the significant figures.

Input Specification:

Each input contains one test case. For each case, there is one line containing the real number A in scientific notation. The number is no more than 9999 bytes in length and the exponent’s absolute value is no more than 9999.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in one line the input number A in the conventional notation, with all the significant figures kept, including trailing zeros.

Sample Input 1:

+1.23400E-03
Sample Output 1:

0.00123400
Sample Input 2:

-1.2E+10
Sample Output 2:

-12000000000

//本题即PAT (Basic Level) Practice （中文） 1024 科学计数法 （20 分）（C++）英文版
//https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37454852/article/details/85858135

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
    char str[10000] = {0};
    scanf("%s", str);//输入
    int len = strlen(str);
    int exp = 0;
    for(int i=len -1, k = 1; str[i] != '+'; i--)//计算指数
    {
        if(str[i] == '-')
        {
            exp = -exp;
            break;
        }
        exp += (str[i] - '0')*k;
        k *= 10;
    }
    int i = 0, dot = 0;//dot为小数点所在位置
    if(str[0] == '-') printf("-");//若为负数则输出负号，正数则无需输出符号
    if(exp >= 0)//指数的正负小数点移动方向不同，分开考虑
    {
        for(i = 1; str[i] != 'E'; i++)
        {
            if(str[i] == '.' )
            {
                dot = i;
                continue;
            }
            if( dot && i == dot+exp+1) printf(".");//此时为小数点所在位置，打印输出
            if(i<len)printf("%c", str[i]);
        }
        while(i<=dot+exp) printf("0"), i++;//补零
    }
    else
    {
        for(int i=0; ; i++)
        {
            if(i == 1) printf(".");//当指数为负数时，小数点必在科学计数法的整数部分之前
            if( i == -exp) break;
            printf("0");
        }
        for(i = 1; str[i] != 'E'; i++)
        {
            if(str[i] == '.' ) continue;
            printf("%c", str[i]);
        }
    }
	return 0;
}