Handler的消息机制查看

以前对Handler的源码有过详细阅读，但最近回想起来觉得有点模糊，所以决定写下来。

源码解读分为两个部分:1，创建消息并发送消息至消息队列，2.循环从消息队列中取出消息并执行。
首先是第一部分
贴一个Handler的基本使用来做对照
创建一个handler

    Handler handler=new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //do
        }
    };

发送消息:

        Message message=Message.obtain();
        message.what=0;
        handler.sendMessage(message);

简单的使用方式
先做准备工作,看看Message的结构:

    public int what;
    public int arg1;
    public int arg2;
    Message next;//指向下一个message对象
    Handler target;//目标handler
    public static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
    private static Message sPool;//当前message对象

可以看到一个message除了自身之外，还维护了下一个message的引用
然后是Handler的结构:

	//主要是两个
    final Looper mLooper;//looper
    final MessageQueue mQueue;//消息队列

先来看Message的创建:

    public static Message obtain() {
        synchronized (sPoolSync) {
            if (sPool != null) {
                Message m = sPool;
                sPool = m.next;
                m.next = null;
                m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
                sPoolSize--;
                return m;
            }
        }
        return new Message();
    }

如果当前message不为null则返回当前message，否则新建一个message
再看看Hndler的创建:

    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
                        + " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

看看mLooper = Looper.myLooper();做了什么:

    public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

这里出现了一个ThreadLocal，这是什么东西呢，简单描述下:
ThreadLocal的作用是为线程存储变量,在这里就是把looper作为值存进去.
然后找到该线程所对应的ThreadLocalMap，再把Thread作为key,与value一起存储进ThreadLocalMap中
ThreadLocalMap维护了一个单项链表数组:Entry[] table
Thread和value就是被存进了这里面

接着发送消息handler.sendMessage(message);

    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
    {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }

    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis计算消息执行的真正时间

    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

获取消息队列,如果队列为空,抛出运行时异常

    private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

消息队列的enqueueMessage：

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                msg.recycle();
                return false;
            }

            msg.markInUse();
            msg.when = when;
            Message p = mMessages;
            boolean needWake;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
                msg.next = p;
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked;
            } else {
                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
                Message prev;
                for (;;) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                        needWake = false;
                    }
                }
                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
                prev.next = msg;
            }

            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
            if (needWake) {
                nativeWake(mPtr);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

将消息执行的时间写入Message
这个方法的任务就是将创建的msg置于消息队列的最后,也就是 prev.next = msg;
到这里，就完成了创建消息与将消息传入消息队列。

第二部分:取出消息并执行。
谁负责把消息取出来呢
似乎有一个类忘记了介绍:Looper
先来看看Looper的创建方法:

    private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }

Lopper在创建的时候，新建了一个消息队列，并且获取当前线程引用
注意，Looper存储的是当前的运行的线程，举个例子：

new Thread(()-> new Handler().post(()-> System.out.println("Thread:"+Thread.currentThread().getName())));

比如在如上代码中,Looper存储的是new Thread,所以是不能在Handler里面进行ui操作的
接着是Looper.prepare():

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

ThreadLocal的set方法内容:

    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

可以看到,ThreadLocal获取当前线程，然后把value存储进ThreadLocalMap当中，这个在上文有提到过。

最后是Looper.loop();

 public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
		//确保当前线程是属于本地进程的
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        
        boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
		...//已省略部分代码
        for (;;) {//重要部分
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {//如果没有消息  退出循环
                return;
            }
            final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
            if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
                Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
            }

            try {
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
            } finally {
                if (traceTag != 0) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
                }
            }
            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

loop无限循环取出消息队列里面的Message
在拿到Message所发送的target(Handler)，调用Handler的dispatchMessage（）:

    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

最后就是回调回Handler的handleMessage;
至此Handler的整个工作机制就完成了