python，在tkinter窗口中用matplotlib的figure对象画图，plot图例，plot文本，plot坐标轴，plot刻度，plot网格，plot水平线

1，创建一个Figure对象

1.1　Figure对象

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000006158803

1. 在matplotlib中，整个图像为一个Figure对象。在Figure对象中可以包含一个，或者多个Axes对象。每个Axes对象都是一个拥有自己坐标系统的绘图区域。

２，在tkinter窗口中用matplotlib的figure对象画图

２.1，效果展示

２.２，代码

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from tkinter import *
# import tkinter as tk
import random
import time


class FigurePlot(object):
    def __init__(self, root, shape):
        self.wnd = root

        fig = Figure()

        plot_frame = Frame(self.wnd, width=shape[0], height=shape[1], bg='green')
        plot_frame.propagate(0)
        plot_frame.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH)
        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=plot_frame)
        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
        #--------------------------------------------------------------
        self.axis1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.axis1.set_ylim((-10,10))    #set the Y-axis interval
        self.axis1.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(2))
        self.axis1.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(5))
        self.axis1.tick_params(labelsize=7)
        self.axis1.grid(True, which='minor', axis='y', c='c', linestyle='-.', 
                                                            linewidth=0.2)    #
#         self.axis1.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)    #close the ordinate
        self.axis1.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)    #close the ordinate
        self.axis1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)    #close axes
        self.axis1.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top')
        self.axis1.spines['top'].set_position(('data', 0))    

class CrossLinePlot(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.start_time = time.time()
        self.count = 0
        self.bar_size = 10
        self.time_interval = 4
        self.p_ab = 0
        self.p_ba = 0
        self.v_ab = 0
        self.v_ba = 0
        self.list_xy = []
        for i in range(self.bar_size):
            data = [i,0,0,0,0,0]
            self.list_xy.insert(0, data) 
        self.index = i

class ShowPlot(object):
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.cross_plot = CrossLinePlot()
        self.wnd = root

    def show_statistics(self, p_value, v_value):
        self.cross_plot.p_ab += p_value[0]
        self.cross_plot.p_ba += p_value[1]
        self.cross_plot.v_ab += v_value[0]
        self.cross_plot.v_ba += v_value[1]

        start_time = self.cross_plot.start_time
        time_interval = self.cross_plot.time_interval
        bar_size = self.cross_plot.bar_size
        bar_width = 0.3
        now_time = time.time()
        if int((now_time-start_time)/time_interval)-self.cross_plot.count >= 1:
            self.cross_plot.count = int((now_time-start_time)/time_interval)
            y1 = self.cross_plot.p_ab
            y2 = -self.cross_plot.p_ba
            y3 = self.cross_plot.v_ab
            y4 = -self.cross_plot.v_ba
            t = int(now_time-start_time)
            self.cross_plot.index += 1
            data = [self.cross_plot.index, t, y1, y2, y3, y4]
            self.cross_plot.list_xy.insert(0, data)
            if len(self.cross_plot.list_xy) > bar_size:
                del self.cross_plot.list_xy[bar_size]
            self.cross_plot.p_ab = 0
            self.cross_plot.p_ba = 0
            self.cross_plot.v_ab = 0
            self.cross_plot.v_ba = 0
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.cla()
        
            a = np.array(self.cross_plot.list_xy)
            a = np.transpose(a)
            a = a.tolist()
            
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.bar(x=a[0], height=a[2], 
                                        color='r', width=bar_width,
                                        label='person in')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.bar(x=a[0], height=a[3], 
                                        color='g', width=bar_width,
                                        label='person out')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.bar(x=list(map(lambda n:n+bar_width,a[0])), 
                                        height=a[4], 
                                        color='b', width=bar_width,
                                        label='vehicle in')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.bar(x=list(map(lambda n:n+bar_width,a[0])), 
                                        height=a[5], 
                                        color='m', width=bar_width,
                                        label='vehicle out')
            #add a legend
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.legend(prop={'size':6},
                                        bbox_to_anchor=(0, 1, 1, 0),
                                        ncol=4, loc=3, mode='expand')
            in_max = 0
            out_max = 0
            in_c = 'c'
            out_c = 'c'
            for x,t,y1,y2,y3,y4 in zip(a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3],a[4],a[5]):
                in_max = y1 if y1>y3 and y1>in_max else(
                                y3 if y3>=y1 and y3>=in_max else in_max) 
                out_max = y2 if y2<y4 and y2<out_max else(
                                y4 if y4<=y2 and y4<=out_max else out_max)
                in_c = 'r' if in_max==y1 else('b' if in_max==y3 else in_c) 
                out_c = 'g' if out_max==y2 else('m' if out_max==y4 else out_c) 
#                 self.wnd.axis1.text(x, y1, y1, ha='left', va='bottom')
#                 self.wnd.axis1.text(x, y2, -y2, ha='left', va='top')
#                 self.wnd.axis1.text(x+bar_width, y1, y3, ha='center', va='bottom')
#                 self.wnd.axis1.text(x+bar_width, -y2, y4, ha='center', va='top')
                self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.text(x, -12, int(t%60), size=7,
                                                ha='left', va='bottom')

            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.text(x+11, in_max, in_max, ha='left', va='center')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.text(x+11, out_max, -out_max, ha='left', va='center')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.hlines(in_max, x, x+10, 
                                                color=in_c, linewidth=0.3)
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.hlines(out_max, x, x+10, 
                                                color=out_c, linewidth=0.3)
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.text(-0.1, 0.5, 
                                time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d  %H:%M', time.localtime()), 
                                ha='right', va='center',
                                rotation='vertical',
                                transform=self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.transAxes)
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.set_ylim((-10,10))    #set the Y-axis interval
#             self.wnd.axis1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)    #close axes
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top')
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.spines['top'].set_position(('data', 0))    
            
            #add the grid
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(2))
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(5))
            self.wnd.fig_plot.axis1.grid(True, which='minor', axis='y', 
                                                c='c', linestyle='-.',
                                                linewidth=0.2)    
            
            self.wnd.fig_plot.canvas.draw()

class RootWindow(object):
    def __init__(self, shape, locate):
        self.wnd = Tk()
        self.wnd.resizable(width=False,height=False)
        self.wnd.withdraw()
        s_shape = str(shape[0])+'x'+str(shape[1])
        s_locate = '+' + str(locate[0]-shape[0]) + '+' + str(locate[1])
        self.wnd.geometry(s_shape + s_locate)
        self.wnd.title("gigure & tkinter demo")
        
        label_local = (0, 5)
        label = Label(self.wnd, text='number of statistical')
        label.place(x=label_local[0], y=label_local[1])

        fig_frame_shape = (shape[0],shape[1]-40)
        fig_frame_local = (0, 40)
        fig_frame = Frame(self.wnd, width=fig_frame_shape[0], 
                                    height=fig_frame_shape[1])
        fig_frame.propagate(0)
        fig_frame.place(x=fig_frame_local[0], y=fig_frame_local[1])
        self.fig_plot = FigurePlot(fig_frame, fig_frame_shape)

    def wnd_update(self):
        self.wnd.update()
        self.wnd.deiconify()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = RootWindow((800,400),(500,300))    
    show_plot = ShowPlot(root)
    while True:
        a1 = random.randint(0, 4)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        a2 = random.randint(0, 4)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        a3 = random.randint(0, 4)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        a4 = random.randint(0, 4)
        time.sleep(0.5)
        show_plot.show_statistics((a1, a2), (a3, a4))
        root.wnd_update()

    root.wnd.mainlop()