C++工程，C++设计模式-工厂模式。c++实现自动注册工厂，报错：multiple definition of `reg_msg_MockModule_'

c++常用设计模式
在工厂模式中，我们在创建对象时不会对客户端暴露创建逻辑，并且是通过使用一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象。工厂模式作为一种创建模式，一般在创建复杂对象时，考虑使用；在创建简单对象时，建议直接new完成一个实例对象的创建。

1，工程目录

2，测试效果

3，auto_factory.h　— 自动注册工厂代码

#pragma once
#include <functional>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

namespace oly {
/**
 * T 需要传入基类
 */
template <typename T>
class auto_factory {
public:
    /**
     * N 子类，这里会把对应子类添加到Map中
     */
    template <typename N>
    struct register_t {
        template <typename... Args>
        register_t(const std::string& key, Args... args)
        {
            auto_factory::instance()->_map.emplace(key, [=] { return new N(args...); });
        }
    };

    /**
     * 普通指针
     */
    static auto normal_ptr(const std::string& key) -> T*
    {
        return auto_factory::instance()->find(key);
    }

    /**
     * unique_ptr指针
     */
    static std::unique_ptr<T> unique_ptr(const std::string& key)
    {
        return std::unique_ptr<T>(normal_ptr(key));
    }

    /**
     * shared_ptr指针
     */
    static std::shared_ptr<T> shared_ptr(const std::string& key)
    {
        return std::shared_ptr<T>(normal_ptr(key));
    }

private:
    auto_factory(){};
    auto_factory(const auto_factory&) = delete;
    auto_factory(auto_factory&&)      = delete;
    auto_factory& operator=(const auto_factory&) = delete;

    /**
     * 单例模式
     */
    static auto instance() -> auto_factory<T>*
    {
        static auto_factory<T> ins;
        return &ins;
    }

    auto find(const std::string& key) -> T*
    {
        if (_map.find(key) == _map.end())
            throw std::invalid_argument("key is not exist!");

        return _map[key]();
    }
    std::map<std::string, std::function<T*()>> _map;
};
}  // namespace oly

4，base_message.h　— 注册类基类，及工厂代码接口

#include <iostream>
#include "auto_factory.h"
 
class BaseMessage {
public:
    virtual void display() = 0;
};
/**
 * 注册基类
 */
#define AF_OBJECT oly::auto_factory<BaseMessage>
/**
 * 注册子类，这里没有对继承关系进行判断，需要保证继承关系
 */
#define REGISTER_MESSAGE_VNAME(T) reg_msg_##T##_
//注意，此处写法有问题，后面有详细说明
#define REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(T, ...) AF_OBJECT::register_t<T> REGISTER_MESSAGE_VNAME(T)(#T, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_CLASS(T) AF_OBJECT::normal_ptr (#T) 
#define QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_KEY(key) AF_OBJECT::normal_ptr (key)

5，message.h　— 要注册的Ｎ个类

#include "base_message.h"


class FirstB : public BaseMessage {
public:
    void display() override
    {
        std::cout << __func__ << " FirstB\n";
    }
};
REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(FirstB);

class SecondB : public BaseMessage {
public:
    SecondB(const std::string name = "")
    {
        nameString = name;
    }

    void display() override
    {
        std::cout << __func__ << " SecondB\n";
        std::cout << nameString << "\n";
    }

private:
    std::string nameString;
};
REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(SecondB, "Welcome");  //带参构造函数

class ThirdB : public BaseMessage { 
public:
    ThirdB(int age, const std::string name = "")
    {
        nameString = name;
        ageInt     = age;
    }
    void display() override
    {
        std::cout << __func__ << " ThirdB\n";
        std::cout << nameString << ":" << ageInt << "\n";
    }

private:
    std::string nameString;
    int         ageInt;
};
REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(ThirdB, 20, "Tom"); //带参构造函数

6，main.cpp

#include "message.h"

int main()
{
    std::string class_name = "FirstB";
    REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(FirstB);
    REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(SecondB, "Welcome");  //带参构造函数
    REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(ThirdB, 20, "Tom"); //带参构造函数


    QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_KEY(class_name)->display();
    
    QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_CLASS(SecondB)->display();

    QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_KEY("SecondB")->display();
    QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_KEY("ThirdB")->display();
    return 0;
}

7，Makefile

CXX=g++
LDFLAGS=-std=c++11 -O1 -g -w -fopenmp

TARGET=main.app

INCLUDE_BASE = ./
INCLUDE_DIR = -I"$(INCLUDE_BASE)" 

SRC_BASE = ./
SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRC_BASE)/*.cpp) 

OBJS := $(SRCS:%.cpp=%.o)

#　编译工程，生成可执行文件
all:$(OBJS) 
	@echo "Compilling......"
	$(CXX)  $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

%.o:%.cpp
	$(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ $(LIBS) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDE_DIR)
	@echo " "

.PHONY:clean
clean:
	rm -rf $(TARGET) $(OBJS) *.gch

８，报错：multiple definition of `reg_msg_MockModule_’

8.1，解决：static

修改为以下代码
base_message.h　— 注册类基类，及工厂代码接口

#include <iostream>
#include "auto_factory.h"
 
class BaseMessage {
public:
    virtual void display() = 0;
};
/**
 * 注册基类
 */
#define AF_OBJECT oly::auto_factory<BaseMessage>
/**
 * 注册子类，这里没有对继承关系进行判断，需要保证继承关系
 */
#define REGISTER_MESSAGE_VNAME(T) reg_msg_##T##_
#define REGISTER_AF_OBJECT_CLASS(T, ...) static AF_OBJECT::register_t<T> REGISTER_MESSAGE_VNAME(T)(#T, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_CLASS(T) AF_OBJECT::normal_ptr (#T) 
#define QUERY_AF_OBJECT_BY_KEY(key) AF_OBJECT::normal_ptr (key)