整体思路就是先读入文件名,然后再文件名中调用myftw处理文件名,myftw中调用dopath处理文件名路径中各种文件,主要分为目录和非目录文件。
非目录文件调用myfunc直接用宏测试语句测试出来类型,
目录文件就需要采用递归的思想进行处理,dopath-》func-》func递归处理每一层目录。
#include "apue.h"
#include <dirent.h>
#include <limits.h>
/* function type that is called for each filename */
typedef int Myfunc(const char *, const struct stat *, int);
//Myfunc就等价于int(const char *, const struct stat *, int)
static Myfunc myfunc;
//static函数---静态函数的定义和声明默认情况下是extern的,但静态函数只是在声明他的文件当中可见,不能被其他文件所用
static int myftw(char *, Myfunc *);
//第二个形参Myfunc *是一个指针函数返回的指针变量,等价于int *(const char *, const struct stat *, int)这个函数返回的指针
static int dopath(Myfunc *);
static long nreg, ndir, nblk, nchr, nfifo, nslink, nsock, ntot;
//普通文件,目录,块特殊,字符特殊,FIFO,符号链接,套接字,tot
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ret;
if (argc != 2)
err_quit("usage: ftw <starting-pathname>");
ret = myftw(argv[1], myfunc); /* does it all */
ntot = nreg + ndir + nblk + nchr + nfifo + nslink + nsock;
if (ntot == 0)
ntot = 1; /* avoid divide by 0; print 0 for all counts */
printf("regular files = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nreg,
nreg*100.0/ntot);
printf("directories = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", ndir,
ndir*100.0/ntot);
printf("block special = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nblk,
nblk*100.0/ntot);
printf("char special = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nchr,
nchr*100.0/ntot);
printf("FIFOs = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nfifo,
nfifo*100.0/ntot);
printf("symbolic links = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nslink,
nslink*100.0/ntot);
printf("sockets = %7ld, %5.2f %%\n", nsock,
nsock*100.0/ntot);
exit(ret);
}
/*
* Descend through the hierarchy, starting at "pathname".
* The caller's func() is called for every file.
*/
#define FTW_F 1 /* file other than directory */
#define FTW_D 2 /* directory */
#define FTW_DNR 3 /* directory that can't be read */
#define FTW_NS 4 /* file that we can't stat */
static char *fullpath; /* contains full pathname for every file */
static size_t pathlen;
static int /* we return whatever func() returns */
myftw(char *pathname, Myfunc *func)
{
fullpath = path_alloc(&pathlen);
/* 动态分配路径名malloc PATH_MAX+1 bytes */
/* ({Flgure 图2.16}) */
if (pathlen <= strlen(pathname)) {
pathlen = strlen(pathname) * 2;
if ((fullpath = realloc(fullpath, pathlen)) == NULL)
err_sys("realloc failed");
}
strcpy(fullpath, pathname);
return(dopath(func));
}
/*
* Descend through the hierarchy, starting at "fullpath".
* If "fullpath" is anything other than a directory, we lstat() it,
* call func(), and return. For a directory, we call ourself
* recursively for each name in the directory.
*/
static int /* we return whatever func() returns */
dopath(Myfunc* func) //这句话就定义了一个Myfunc类型的函数func
{
struct stat statbuf; //stat函数
struct dirent *dirp; //readdir函数
DIR *dp; //opendir函数
int ret, n;
//之前define的4中文件,这里先分辨出来,然后调用func
if (lstat(fullpath, &statbuf) < 0) /* stat error */
return(func(fullpath, &statbuf, FTW_NS));
if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode) == 0) /* not a directory */
return(func(fullpath, &statbuf, FTW_F));
/*
* It's a directory. First call func() for the directory,
* then process each filename in the directory.
*/
if ((ret = func(fullpath, &statbuf, FTW_D)) != 0)
return(ret);
n = strlen(fullpath);
if (n + NAME_MAX + 2 > pathlen) {
/* expand path buffer */
pathlen *= 2;
if ((fullpath = realloc(fullpath, pathlen)) == NULL)
err_sys("realloc failed");
}
fullpath[n++] = '/'; //添加“/”
fullpath[n] = 0; //添加“0”,后面会把这个0覆盖掉,所以无所谓
/* can't read directory */
return(func(fullpath, &statbuf, FTW_DNR));
while ((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL)
{
if (strcmp(dirp->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
strcmp(dirp->d_name, "..") == 0)
continue; /* ignore dot and dot-dot */
strcpy(&fullpath[n], dirp->d_name);/* append name after "/" */
if ((ret = dopath(func)) != 0) /* 说明是define中1.2.3这几种文件,在myfunc中return不是0,是报错退出了,所以不需要进行处理了,就break。 recursive */
break; /* time to leave */
}
fullpath[n-1] = 0; /* erase everything from slash onward */
if (closedir(dp) < 0)
err_ret("can't close directory %s", fullpath);
return(ret);
}
static int
myfunc(const char *pathname, const struct stat *statptr, int type)
{
switch (type) {
case FTW_F:
switch (statptr->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
//宏测试
case S_IFREG: nreg++; break;
case S_IFBLK: nblk++; break;
case S_IFCHR: nchr++; break;
case S_IFIFO: nfifo++; break;
case S_IFLNK: nslink++; break;
case S_IFSOCK: nsock++; break;
case S_IFDIR: /* directories should have type = FTW_D */
err_dump("for S_IFDIR for %s", pathname);
}
break;
case FTW_D:
ndir++;
break;
case FTW_DNR:
err_ret("can't read directory %s", pathname);
break;
case FTW_NS:
err_ret("stat error for %s", pathname);
break;
default:
err_dump("unknown type %d for pathname %s", type, pathname);
}
return(0);
}