How Many Answers Are Wrong - 带权并查集（详解）

TT and FF are ... friends. Uh... very very good friends -________-b 

FF is a bad boy, he is always wooing TT to play the following game with him. This is a very humdrum game. To begin with, TT should write down a sequence of integers-_-!!(bored). 

Then, FF can choose a continuous subsequence from it(for example the subsequence from the third to the fifth integer inclusively). After that, FF will ask TT what the sum of the subsequence he chose is. The next, TT will answer FF's question. Then, FF can redo this process. In the end, FF must work out the entire sequence of integers. 

Boring~~Boring~~a very very boring game!!! TT doesn't want to play with FF at all. To punish FF, she often tells FF the wrong answers on purpose. 

The bad boy is not a fool man. FF detects some answers are incompatible. Of course, these contradictions make it difficult to calculate the sequence. 

However, TT is a nice and lovely girl. She doesn't have the heart to be hard on FF. To save time, she guarantees that the answers are all right if there is no logical mistakes indeed. 

What's more, if FF finds an answer to be wrong, he will ignore it when judging next answers. 

But there will be so many questions that poor FF can't make sure whether the current answer is right or wrong in a moment. So he decides to write a program to help him with this matter. The program will receive a series of questions from FF together with the answers FF has received from TT. The aim of this program is to find how many answers are wrong. Only by ignoring the wrong answers can FF work out the entire sequence of integers. Poor FF has no time to do this job. And now he is asking for your help~(Why asking trouble for himself~~Bad boy) 

InputLine 1: Two integers, N and M (1 <= N <= 200000, 1 <= M <= 40000). Means TT wrote N integers and FF asked her M questions. 

Line 2..M+1: Line i+1 contains three integer: Ai, Bi and Si. Means TT answered FF that the sum from Ai to Bi is Si. It's guaranteed that 0 < Ai <= Bi <= N. 

You can assume that any sum of subsequence is fit in 32-bit integer. 
OutputA single line with a integer denotes how many answers are wrong.Sample Input

10 5
1 10 100
7 10 28
1 3 32
4 6 41
6 6 1

Sample Output

1

分析：

题意：给你n个数，然后询问，从第a个数到第b个数的和是多少，如果与之前的情况相冲突，则ans++

我们可以设sum[i]为i到根节点的距离，例如：

设根节点为1，有4个数

序号：   1   2   3   4 

值：      1   5   7   8

sum[2]=6;sum[4]=21;

sum[4]-sum[2]=15;-------也就是区间[3,4]即(2,4]的和，为了表示方便，我们把读入区间的左端点-1，比如做端点为2，右端点为4，运算时，sum[4]-sum[1]恰好表示的是区间[2,4]的和

当我们输入a,b时，roota==rootb则判断sum[b]-sum[a]与v的关系即可

若不相等，则pre[root2]=root1，更新sum[root2]时：

由图可知，R2->R1=A->R1+B->A-B->R2

即sum[root2]=v+sum[a]-sum[b];

注意在路径压缩的时候，根节点变，则结点到根节点的距离也变，利用路径压缩改sum值，sum[x]+=sum[pre[sum]]

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>

using namespace std;
int pre[200003],sum[200003];

int f(int x){
    if(pre[x]==x)return x;
    int tmp=pre[x];
    pre[x]=f(pre[x]);
    sum[x]+=sum[tmp];
    return pre[x];
}

int main(){
    int n,m,l,r,v;
    
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF){
        for(int i=0;i<=n;i++){
            pre[i]=i;
            sum[i]=0;
        }
        int ans=0;
        while(m--){
            scanf("%d%d%d",&l,&r,&v);
            l--;
            int root1=f(l),root2=f(r);
            if(root1!=root2){
                pre[root2]=root1;
                sum[root2]=v-sum[r]+sum[l];
            }
            else {
                if(sum[r]-sum[l]!=v){
                    ans++;
               }
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n",ans);
    }

}