基础框架 SpringMVC文件上传的三种方式

基础框架 SpringMVC文件上传的三种方式

一、实现原理

1. 三种方式

实现文件上传常用的三种方式：
1.传统借助 三方组件Commons-fileupload 组件实现文件上传。自己从对象中获取解析。
2.springmvc方式，减少了自己手动处理的工作。
3.跨域服务器上传。

前提条件

A form 表单的 enctype 取值必须是： multipart/form-data
(默认值是:application/x-www-form-urlencoded)
enctype:是表单请求正文的类型
B method 属性取值必须是 Post
C 提供一个文件选择域<input type=”file” />

2. 原理分析

二、案例验证

1. 项目结构
   

2. maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hello</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc_fileupload Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 传统文件上传组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.1</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc_day02_02_fileupload</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.7.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.20.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

3. web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

4. springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hello.controller"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--前端控制器，哪些静态资源不拦截-->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>

    <!--配置文件解析器对象  id必须是multipartResolver，maxUploadSize设置上传最大值，单位字节 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

5. Controller

package com.hello.controller;

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * 文件上传控制器
 *
 * @author zrj
 * @date 2021/1/2
 * @since V1.0
 **/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {

    /**
     * 跨服务器文件上传
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/fileupload3")
    public String fileuoload3(MultipartFile upload) throws Exception {
        System.out.println( "跨服务器文件上传..." );

        // 定义上传文件服务器路径
        //String path = "http://localhost:8081/uploads/";
        String path = "http://localhost:8081/fileupload_server/uploads/";
        System.out.println( "上传的位置：" + path );

        // 说明上传文件项
        // 获取上传文件的名称
        String filename = upload.getOriginalFilename();
        // 把文件的名称设置唯一值，uuid
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace( "-", "" );
        filename = uuid + "_" + filename;

        // 创建客户端的对象
        Client client = Client.create();

        // 和图片服务器进行连接
        WebResource webResource = client.resource( path + filename );

        // 上传文件
        webResource.put( upload.getBytes() );

        System.out.println( "跨服务器文件上传文件上传成功..." );
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * SpringMVC文件上传
     * upload名称必须与jsp页面的name一样
     * MultipartFile upload
     * name="upload"
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/fileupload2")
    public String fileuoload2(HttpServletRequest request, MultipartFile upload) throws Exception {
        System.out.println( "springmvc文件上传..." );

        // 使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
        // 上传的位置
        String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/uploads/" );
        System.out.println( "上传的位置：" + path );
        // 判断，该路径是否存在
        File file = new File( path );
        if (!file.exists()) {
            // 创建该文件夹
            file.mkdirs();
        }

        // 说明上传文件项
        // 获取上传文件的名称
        String filename = upload.getOriginalFilename();
        // 把文件的名称设置唯一值，uuid
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace( "-", "" );
        filename = uuid + "_" + filename;
        // 完成文件上传
        upload.transferTo( new File( path, filename ) );

        System.out.println( "springmvc文件上传成功..." );
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 文件上传,传统文件上传
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/fileupload1")
    public String fileuoload1(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        System.out.println( "文件上传..." );

        // 使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
        // 上传的位置
        String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/uploads/" );
        System.out.println( "上传的位置：" + path );
        // 判断，该路径是否存在
        File file = new File( path );
        if (!file.exists()) {
            // 创建该文件夹
            file.mkdirs();
        }

        // 解析request对象，获取上传文件项
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload( factory );
        // 解析request
        List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest( request );
        // 遍历
        for (FileItem item : items) {
            // 进行判断，当前item对象是否是上传文件项
            if (item.isFormField()) {
                // 说明普通表单向
            } else {
                // 说明上传文件项
                // 获取上传文件的名称
                String filename = item.getName();
                // 把文件的名称设置唯一值，uuid，防止上传相同图片覆盖问题
                String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace( "-", "" );
                filename = uuid + "_" + filename;
                // 完成文件上传
                item.write( new File( path, filename ) );
                // 删除临时文件
                item.delete();
            }
        }
        System.out.println( "传统文件上传文件上传成功..." );
        return "success";
    }

}

6. jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: zrj
  Date: 2021/1/2
  Time: 11:35
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>index</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>传统文件上传</h3>

    <form action="file/fileupload1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        选择文件：<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="上传" />
    </form>

    <h3>Springmvc文件上传</h3>

    <form action="file/fileupload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        选择文件：<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="上传" />
    </form>

    <h3>跨服务器文件上传</h3>

    <form action="file/fileupload3" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        选择文件：<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="上传" />
    </form>

</body>
</html>

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: zrj
  Date: 2021/1/2
  Time: 11:35
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>success</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h3>上传文件成功</h3>

</body>
</html>