1. 职责链模式概述
1.1 职责链简介
1.职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility Pattern), 又叫 责任链模式,为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链(简单示意 图).这种模式对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。
2.职责链模式通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用.如果一个对象不能处理该请求,那么它会把相同的 请求传给下一个接收者,依此类推。
3.这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式
1.2 职责链类图
1.3 职责链注意事项
1.将请求和处理分开,实现解耦,提高系统的灵活性。
2.简化了对象,使对象不需要知道链的结构。
3.性能会受到影响,特别是在链比较长的时候,因此需控制链中最大节点数量,一般通过在 Handler 中设置一个 最大节点数量,在 setNext()方法中判断是否已经超过阀值,超过则不允许该链建立,避免出现超长链无意识地 破坏系统性能。
4.调试不方便.采用了类似递归的方式,调试时逻辑可能比较复杂 5) 最佳应用场景:有多个对象可以处理同一个请求时,比如:多级请求,请假/加薪等审批流程,Java Web 中 Tomcat 对 Encoding 的处理,拦截器。
2. 职责链模式实现
2.1 项目说明
Approver:审批人抽象类
DepartmentApprover:部门审批
CollegeApprover:院长审批
ViceSchoolMasterApprover:副校长审批
SchoolMasterApprover:校长审批
PurchaseRequest:购买请求类
Client:职责链模式测试类
2.2 项目实现
Approver:审批人抽象类
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 审批人抽象类
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public abstract class Approver {
Approver approver; //下一个处理者
String name; // 名字
public Approver(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//下一个处理者
public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
this.approver = approver;
}
//处理审批请求的方法,得到一个请求, 处理是子类完成,因此该方法做成抽象
public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
}
DepartmentApprover:部门审批
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 部门审批
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {
public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000) {
System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "," + this.name + "已处理!");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
CollegeApprover:院长审批
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 院长审批
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public class CollegeApprover extends Approver {
public CollegeApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 5000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000) {
System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "," + this.name + "已处理!");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
ViceSchoolMasterApprover:副校长审批
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 副校长审批
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public class ViceSchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public ViceSchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() < 10000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 30000) {
System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "," + this.name + "已处理!");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
SchoolMasterApprover:校长审批
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 校长审批
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public class SchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public SchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 30000) {
System.out.println("请求编号id=" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "," + this.name + "已处理!");
} else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
PurchaseRequest:购买请求类
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
/**
* 购买请求类
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class PurchaseRequest {
//编号
private int id = 0;
//请求类型
private int type = 0;
//请求金额
private float price = 0.0f;
}
Client:职责链模式测试类
package com.zrj.design.responsibility;
/**
* 职责链模式测试类
*
* @author zrj
* @since 2021/11/8
**/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个请求
PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 1, 31000);
//创建相关的审批人
DepartmentApprover departmentApprover = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
CollegeApprover collegeApprover = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
ViceSchoolMasterApprover viceSchoolMasterApprover = new ViceSchoolMasterApprover("刘副校");
SchoolMasterApprover schoolMasterApprover = new SchoolMasterApprover("王校长");
//需要将各个审批级别的下一个设置好 (处理人构成环形: )
departmentApprover.setApprover(collegeApprover);
collegeApprover.setApprover(viceSchoolMasterApprover);
viceSchoolMasterApprover.setApprover(schoolMasterApprover);
schoolMasterApprover.setApprover(departmentApprover);
departmentApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
//viceSchoolMasterApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}