AsyncTask

AsyncTask是一个抽象的泛型类，它提供了三个参数。其中Params表示在执行AsyncTask时所需要输入的参数类型例如：URL类型，Progress表示后台任务执行的进度的类型例如：Integer，Result表示后台任务的返回结果的类型例如：Boolean，如果不需要传入具体参数则都可以使用Void代替。

public abstract class AsnycTask<Params,Progress,Result>

AsyncTask提供了4个核心方法，含义如下所示：
（1）onPreExecute(),在主线程中执行,异步任务开始执行前调用，通常做一些准备准备任务，例如显示一个进度条。
（2）doInBackground(Params…params),在线程池中执行，此方法用于执行异步任务，params参数表示异步任务的输入参数。在此方法中可以通过publishProgress方法来更新任务的进度，publishProgress方法会调用onProgressUpdate方法，另外此方法需要返回计算结果给onPostExecute方法。
（3）onProgressUpdate(Progress…values),在主线程中执行，当后台任务执行进度发生变化时此方法会被调用。
（4）onPostExecute(Result result),在主线程中执行，异步任务执行后，此方法会被调用，其中result参数表示后台任务的返回值，即doInBackground方法执行完成后的返回结果。
（5）onCancelled(),在主线程中执行，异步任务被取消时，此方法会被调用，而此时onPostExecute则不会被调用，onCancelled和onPostExecute只会执行一个。

访问网页：

class NewsAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,String>{

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            String responseData = null;
            OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder().url(params[0]).build();
            try {
                Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                responseData = response.body().string();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return responseData;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String str) {
            textView.setText(s);
        }
    }

可以通过如下方式启用NewsAsyncTask

new NewsAsyncTask().execute("http://www.baidu.com");

其中doInBackground方法返回值responseData即为onPostExecute方法的参数str；doInBackground在线程池中执行，onPostExecute在主线程中执行，从而完成了从线程池到主线程的切换

下载文件并显示下载进度

public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Integer,Boolean> {

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        progressDialog.show();  //显示进度对话框
    }

    @Override
    protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
        while (true){
            int downloadPercent = doDownload();
            publishProgress(downloadPercent);
            if(downloadPercent>=100){
                break;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
        //更新下载进度
        progressDialog.setMessage("Download"+values[0]+"%");
    }


    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
        progressDialog.dismiss();  //关闭进度对话框
        if(result){
            Toast.makeText(context,"Download succeeded",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
            .show();
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(context,"Download failed",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).sh
            ow();
        }
    }
}

注意事项：

1.AsyncTask是串行执行任务的，若要并行执行任务，需要调用它的executeOnExecutor方法
2.AsyncTask的类必须在主线程加载，对象必须在主线程创建，execute必须在主线程中调用，一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次，即只能调用一次execute方法

工作原理：

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params){
   return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
        onPreExecute();
        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);
        return this;
}

执行AsyncTask首先会调用其execute方法，而execute又会调executeOnExecutor方法，其中sDefaultExecutor是一个串行的线程池；在AsyncTask中onPreExecute方法先执行，然后此线程池开始执行

public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

首先会把AsyncTask的Params参数封装成FutureTask对象，关于FutureTask详细使用可以查看Java并发编程：Callable、Future和FutureTask，在这里它充当Runnable,然后把Future插入到ArrayDeque<Runnable>队列中，如果此时没有正在执行的任务，则调用scheduleNext方法，此方法会在队列中取出一个Runnable，然后再线程池中执行。

public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
 }

在线程池中执行取出的Runnable时会调用FutureTask的run方法，此方法会调用mWorker的call方法，因此mWorker的call方法会在线程池中执行。在该方法中首先执行doBackground方法，然后将其返回值传递给postResult方法。

private static Handler getHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }


private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
}

private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
}

postResult方法通过sHandler发送一个MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息，这个sHandler是一个静态对象，为了能够切换到主线程，这就要求sHandler必须在主线程中创建。sHandler收到消息后会执行finish方法

private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED; 
 }

如果取消任务就调用onCancelled方法，否则就调用onPostExecute方法。

AnsyncTask中有两个线程池：SerialExecutor用于任务排队、THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR用于真正的执行任务：

private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
 };

private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;

不过不建议使用AsyncTask，因为4.x系统中AsyncTask是串行的，高并发的Task让AsyncTask一个一个串行执行，程序就会很慢。可以看看这篇译文讲解具体原因:译文：Android中糟糕的AsyncTask