【Android】使用AIDL实现进程间传递对象案例

本文详细介绍使用AIDL实现Android进程间自定义对象传递的方法,包括User对象的定义、序列化、服务端与客户端的代码实现,以及效果展示。

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1 前言

        在 Android——使用AIDL实现进程间通讯简单案例 中介绍了使用 AIDL 在进程间传递字符串,对于8种基本数据类型( byte、short、int、long、float、double、boolean、char )和 CharSequence(包含 String )、List、Map,用法同理。

需要注意:List 和 Map 中的所有元素必须是 AIDL 支持的类型,List 支持泛型,Map 不支持泛型。

        本文将介绍使用 AIDL 实现自定义 User 对象间的传递,User 包含 name(String)和 age(int)2个属性。

        本文全部代码见→使用AIDL实现进程间传递对象案例

2 项目结构

        注意事项:

  • User.java 和 User.aidl 的包名必须一致
  • aidl_C 和 aidl_S 下的 User.java 文件内容必须一致
  • aidl_C 和 aidl_S 下的 aidl 文件及其包名必须一致

3 服务端 aidl_s 代码

        (1)传输类定义

        User.java

package commu;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

public class User implements Parcelable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    protected User(Parcel in) {
        name = in.readString();
        age = in.readInt();
    }

    public static final Creator<User> CREATOR = new Creator<User>() {
        @Override
        public User createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new User(in);
        }

        @Override
        public User[] newArray(int size) {
            return new User[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeInt(age);
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

        (2)传输类声明

        User.aidl

package commu;

parcelable User;

        注意: 声明 parcelable,不是 Parcelable

        (3)通讯接口

        MessageManager.aidl

package commu;

import commu.User;

interface MessageManager {
    void sendMsg(in User user);
    User getMsg();
}

        (4)服务

        MyService.java

package com.zhyan8.aidl_s;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import commu.MessageManager;
import commu.User;

public class MyService extends Service {

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBind;
    }

    MessageManager.Stub mBind = new MessageManager.Stub() {
        @Override
        public void sendMsg(User user) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d("MyService", "客户端发来消息: " + user.toString());
            System.out.println(user.toString());
        }

        @Override
        public User getMsg() throws RemoteException {
            return new User("小红",23); //客户端待接收的消息
        }
    };
}

        (5)注册服务

        在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中 application 节点下注册 service,如下。

<service
    android:name=".MyService"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.xxx.aidl"/>
    </intent-filter>
</service>

        (6)主Acitvity

        MainActivity.java

package com.zhyan8.aidl_s;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

4 客户端 aidl_c 代码

        (1)复制 User 类及 aidl 文件

        将 aidl_S 中 java 和 aidl 目录下的 commu 包及其中的 aidl 文件(User.aidl、MessageManager.aidl) 和 User.java 文件复制到 aidl_C 中相应目录下,见第2节中项目结构图 。

        (2)布局

        activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.zhyan8.aidl_c.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="姓名:"
            android:textSize="30sp"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="#ffcc66"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="年龄:"
            android:textSize="30sp"/>
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_age"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:inputType="number"
            android:background="#ffcc66"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_send"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:text="发送"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:layout_marginTop="30dp"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="姓名:"
            android:textSize="30sp"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="#ffcc66"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="年龄:"
            android:textSize="30sp"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_age"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="#ffcc66"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_recv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:text="接收"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:layout_marginTop="30dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

        界面如下:

        (3)主Activity

        MainActivity.java

package com.zhyan8.aidl_c;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import commu.MessageManager;
import commu.User;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private MessageManager mMessageManager;
    private EditText et_name;
    private EditText et_age;
    private Button btn_send;
    private TextView tv_name;
    private TextView tv_age;
    private Button btn_recv;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
    }

    public void init() {
        et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
        et_age = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_age);
        btn_send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
        tv_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
        tv_age = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_age);
        btn_recv = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_recv);
        btn_send.setOnClickListener(cl);
        btn_recv.setOnClickListener(cl);
    }

    View.OnClickListener cl = new View.OnClickListener(){
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            hideInputMethod(MainActivity.this, v); //关闭输入法
            if (v.getId()==R.id.btn_send) {
                try {
                    String name_t = et_name.getText().toString();
                    int age_t = Integer.parseInt(et_age.getText().toString());
                    User user = new User(name_t, age_t);
                    sendMsg(user);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请输入姓名和年龄", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }else if(v.getId()==R.id.btn_recv) {
                User user = getMsg();
                tv_name.setText(user.getName());
                tv_age.setText("" + user.getAge());
            }
        }
    };

    private void sendMsg(User user){
        if (mMessageManager==null) {
            attemptToBindService();
        }
        try {
            mMessageManager.sendMsg(user);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private User getMsg(){
        if (mMessageManager==null) {
            attemptToBindService();
        }
        try {
            User user = mMessageManager.getMsg();
            return user;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private void attemptToBindService() {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.xxx.aidl");
        intent.setPackage("com.zhyan8.aidl_s");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mMessageManager = MessageManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            mMessageManager = null;
        }
    };

    private void hideInputMethod(Activity act, View v) { //关闭输入法
        InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager) act.getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
        imm.hideSoftInputFromWindow(v.getWindowToken(),0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        if (mMessageManager==null) {
            attemptToBindService();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        if (mMessageManager!=null) {
            unbindService(conn);
        }
    }
}

        (4)添加访问的包名

        Android 11 更改了应用查询用户已在设备上安装的其他应用以及与之交互的方式。使用新的 queries 标签,应用可以定义一组自身可访问的其他应用。在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中 manifest 节点下面添加 queries 标签,如下。

<queries>
    <package android:name="com.zhyan8.aidl_s" />
</queries>

5 效果展示

        (1)发送消息

        在2个 EditView 中分别输入::小明、20,点击【发送】按钮,在服务端可以收到发送的消息,如下。

        (2)接收消息

        点击【接收】按钮,客户端 aidl_C 界面可以看到服务端 aidl_S 传过来的 user 信息,如下。

 6 附件

        以下是点击【Make Build】后自动生成的代码,路径为【aild_C\build\generated\source\aidl\debug\commu\ 】

        MessageManager.java

package commu;

public interface MessageManager extends android.os.IInterface {
	
    public static class Default implements commu.MessageManager {
        @Override
        public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException {
        }

        @Override
        public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements commu.MessageManager {
        private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "commu.MessageManager";

        public Stub() {
            this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
        }

        public static commu.MessageManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
            if ((obj == null)) {
                return null;
            }
            android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
            if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof commu.MessageManager))) {
                return ((commu.MessageManager) iin);
            }
            return new commu.MessageManager.Stub.Proxy(obj);
        }

        @Override
        public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
            java.lang.String descriptor = DESCRIPTOR;
            switch (code) {
                case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
                    reply.writeString(descriptor);
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_sendMsg: {
                    data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
                    commu.User _arg0;
                    if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
                        _arg0 = commu.User.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
                    } else {
                        _arg0 = null;
                    }
                    this.sendMsg(_arg0);
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    return true;
                }
                case TRANSACTION_getMsg: {
                    data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
                    commu.User _result = this.getMsg();
                    reply.writeNoException();
                    if ((_result != null)) {
                        reply.writeInt(1);
                        _result.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
                    } else {
                        reply.writeInt(0);
                    }
                    return true;
                }
                default: {
                    return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
                }
            }
        }

        private static class Proxy implements commu.MessageManager {
            private android.os.IBinder mRemote;

            Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
                mRemote = remote;
            }

            @Override
            public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
                return mRemote;
            }

            public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
                return DESCRIPTOR;
            }

            @Override
            public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    if ((user != null)) {
                        _data.writeInt(1);
                        user.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
                    } else {
                        _data.writeInt(0);
                    }
                    boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_sendMsg, _data, _reply, 0);
                    if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
                        getDefaultImpl().sendMsg(user);
                        return;
                    }
                    _reply.readException();
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException {
                android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
                commu.User _result;
                try {
                    _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
                    boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getMsg, _data, _reply, 0);
                    if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
                        return getDefaultImpl().getMsg();
                    }
                    _reply.readException();
                    if ((0 != _reply.readInt())) {
                        _result = commu.User.CREATOR.createFromParcel(_reply);
                    } else {
                        _result = null;
                    }
                } finally {
                    _reply.recycle();
                    _data.recycle();
                }
                return _result;
            }

            public static commu.MessageManager sDefaultImpl;
        }

        static final int TRANSACTION_sendMsg = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
        static final int TRANSACTION_getMsg = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);

        public static boolean setDefaultImpl(commu.MessageManager impl) {
            if (Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl == null && impl != null) {
                Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl = impl;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public static commu.MessageManager getDefaultImpl() {
            return Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl;
        }
    }

    public void sendMsg(commu.User user) throws android.os.RemoteException;

    public commu.User getMsg() throws android.os.RemoteException;
}
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