HHL算法的QISKit实现

本实现基于IBM QISKit 0.7.0版本，python 3.7版本。

HHL Experiment (Quantum Algorithm for linear systems of equations)

This experiment is implemented based on IBM QISKit version 0.7.0. It is a quantum implementation of finding $\vec{x}$ satisfying $A\vec{x}=\vec{b}$, and only for the case when $A$ is a 2 by 2 matrx, while $\vec{b}$ is a 2 by 1 vector.

The whole process can be divided into several steps:

1. Quantum phase estimation
2. Controlled rotation
3. Inverse quantum phase estimation

The quantum circuit for this experiment is (from reference3):

The first qubit $|x_1⟩$ is the ancilla register for controlled rotation. The second and third qubit $|x_2{x}_3⟩$ (the register C) will save the superposition of the eigenvalues of A, after the quantum phase estimation. The forth qubit $|x_4⟩$ is used to save $|b⟩$, and after the whole process of HHL, it will save the approximate value of $\vec{x}$.

# Import packages
%matplotlib inline
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, ClassicalRegister, QuantumRegister
from qiskit import execute
from qiskit import BasicAer
from math import pi
from qiskit.tools.visualization import plot_histogram

import warnings  # Ignore the warning message
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

The known $A$ and $\vec{b}$ are set like this in this experiment:

$A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\begin{array}{cc}3& 1\\ 1& 3\end{array}\right)$ and $\vec{b}=\left(\begin{array}{c}{b}_1\\ b_2\end{array}\right)$.

$\vec{b}$ can be encoded in a quantum state that $|b⟩=b_1|0⟩+b_2|1⟩$, which fulfills b 1 2 + b