数据压缩原理与应用之彩色空间转换 实验报告1

1、实验基本原理

（1）YUV 与 RGB 空间的相互转换
Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B

R-Y＝0.7010R -0.5870G -0.1140B

B-Y＝-0.2990R -0.5870G+0.8860B

归一 化后的色差信号为：
U＝-0.1684R -0.3316G+0.5B
V＝0.5R -0.4187G -0.0813B

为将两个色差信号电平控制在-0.5~0.5，零电平对应128的码电平 ：
U=-0.1684R -0.3316G+0.5B +128 
V=0.5R -0.4187G -0.0813B +128 
结合以上得 
R = Y + 1.4075 *（V-128） 
G = Y – 0.3455 （U –128） – 0.7169 （V –128) 
B = Y + 1.779 *（U – 128）

2、实验流程

1.程序初始化（打开两个文件、定义变量和缓冲区等）
2.读取YUV文件，抽取YUV数据写入缓冲区
3.调用YUV2RGB的函数实现YUV到RGB数据的转换
4.写RGB文件
5.程序收尾工作（关闭文件，释放缓冲区）

3、关键代码及其分析

 yuv2rgb.cpp部分代码

int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip)
{
 static int init_done = 0;
 long i, j, size;
 unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
 unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
 unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
 unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
 unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
 float b1,r1,g1;//设置中间变量，防止溢出

 if (init_done == 0)
 {
  InitLookupTable();
  init_done = 1;
 }
 // check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
 if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
 size = x_dim * y_dim;
 // allocate memory
    y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_in;
    sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_in;
    sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_in;
    u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
    v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
 if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
 {
  if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
  if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
  return 2;
 }
 b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
 y = y_buffer;
 u = u_buffer;
 v = v_buffer;
 //上采样
 for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
 {
  psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
  psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
  pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
  pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
  pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
  pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
  for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
  {
   *pu1 = *psu;
   *(pu1 + 1) = *psu;
   *pu2 = *psu;
   *(pu2 + 1) = *psu;
   *pv1 = *psv;
   *(pv1 + 1) = *psv;
   *pv2 = *psv;
   *(pv2 + 1) = *psv;
   psu ++;
   psv ++;
   pu1 += 2;
   pu2 += 2;
   pv1 += 2;
   pv2 += 2;
  }
 }

 // convert YUV to RGB
 if (!flip) {
  //暂时不用
 } else {
  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
  {
   g = b + 1;//RGB格式文件储存按照BGR的顺序
   r = b + 2;
   b1 = (*y) + YUVRGB1779[*u];
   g1 = (*y) - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v];
   r1 = (*y) + YUVRGB14075[*v];
   if(b1>0&&b1<255)    //类型为unsigned char的数据范围为0~255，直接进行计算可能会出现溢出现象，所以要引入中间变量进行判断
   {
    *b = (unsigned char)b1;
   }
   else if (b1>255)
   {
    *b = 255;
   }
   else
   {
    *b = 0;
   }
   if (g1>0 && g1<255)
   {
    *g = (unsigned char)g1;
   }
   else if (g1>255)
   {
    *g = 255;
   }
   else
   {
    *g = 0;
   }
   if (r1>0 && r1<255)
      {
      *r = (unsigned char)r1;
   }
   else if (r1>255)
   {
    *r = 255;
   }else
   {
    *r = 0;
   }
   b += 3;
   y ++;
   u ++;
   v ++;
  }
 }
 free(u_buffer);
 free(v_buffer);
 return 0;
}

void InitLookupTable()
{
 int i;
 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.4075 * (i-128);
 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455 * (i-128);
 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i-128);
 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB1779[i] = (float)1.779 * (i-128);
}

 

main.cpp部分代码

 
/* point to the specified file names */
	yuvFileName = argv[1];
	rgbFileName = argv[2];

	frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
	frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
	
	/* open the yuv file */
	yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}

	/* open the RAW file */
	rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb");
	if (rgbFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
	}

	/* get an input buffer for a frame */
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);

	/* get the output buffers for a frame */
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (fread(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight ,yuvFile)&&fread(uBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight /4, yuvFile)&&fread(vBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight /4, yuvFile)) 
	{
	
		if(RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			return 0;
					}

	

		fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile);
		
		printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
	}
	

 

4、实验结果及分析

程序第一次执行时，yuv转换成rgb，再转换为yuv，用yuv播放器打开后图像为下图，色彩严重失真

我检查了代码，发现原来是把上采样的代码写成了下采样，修改后，再次执行程序

原图1转换后图像1

原图2转换后图像2

原图3转换后图像3

原图4转换后图像4