springboot 单元测试

单元测试 (适用接口开发完成)

Spring Boot进行单元测试，主要针对Service和接口（Controller）。

1. 添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2. 需要测试的Service&Controller

UserService.java

public interface UserService {
    List<UserPO> getAll();
}

UserServiceImpl.java

@Service
@Slf4j
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Resource
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public List<UserPO> getAll() {
        return userMapper.selectAll();
    }
}

UserController.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    
    //查询所有学员
    @GetMapping("")
    public List<UserPO> getAll(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") Integer pageNum, @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") Integer size, Model model) {
        //设置分页信息，分别是当前页数和每页大小
        PageHelper.startPage(pageNum, size);
        List<UserPO> userList = userService.getAll();
        log.info("查询到的数据： " + userService.getAll().toString());
        return userList;
    }

    //查询一个学员
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public UserPO getOneUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    //增加一个学员
    @PostMapping("")
    public void addOneUser(UserPO po){
        userMapper.insert(po);
    }
}

3.创建Mock基类

Controller层的测试需要MockMvc去模拟Http请求,Service层不需要

import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

public class BaseMockTest {
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    public MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUpMockMvc(){
        //mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build();
        //使用上下文构建mockMvc
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
    }
}

4. 生成测试类

选中需要生成的类，ctrl+shift+T

生成的Controller测试类

添加注解@SpringBootTest @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

UserServiceImplTest.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceImplTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void getAll() {
        //测试Service层
        List<UserPO> all = userService.getAll();
        Assert.assertThat(all.size(),is(11));
    }
}

Controller的测试类需要Mock请求,Demo如下:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//随机启动端口，避免端口冲突
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//单元测试回滚,不想造成垃圾数据，可以开启事物
@Transactional
@Slf4j
public class UserControllerTest extends BaseMockTest {

    @Test
    public void getAll() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
        String result = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
        log.info("测试result: " + result);
    }

    @Test
    public void getOneWithAllCourse() {
        //测试Controller层

    }

    @Test
    public void getOneUser() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1").param("id", "1"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
    }

    @Test
    public void addOneUser() throws Exception {
        //增加一个用户
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user")
                .param("id","12")
                .param("childName","ssss")
                .param("parentName","mksdsds")
                .param("phone","1316067812"));
        //查询是否增加了
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/12"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
    }
}

5. 运行

直接run/debug对应的测试类即可，无需启动spring容器,即可测试接口的业务逻辑.

如果对您有帮助,可以 ?