[Java 并发编程] 22. 线程池

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一、线程池

当我们需要限制一个应用程序中同一时间运行的线程数量，我们通常使用线程池来实现。

通过把任务传递给线程池，只要线程池中有空闲的线程就将空闲的线程分配任务并执行任务，而不是给每个任务都创建一个新的线程。任务被插入到阻塞队列中，当线程池存在空的线程时，阻塞队列中的任务就被分配到空闲的线程中执行。

自Java 5 开始，java.util.concurrent 包中提供了线程池，比如：java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService.

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二、自定义线程池

阻塞队列

class BlockingQueue<E extends Runnable> {

    private LinkedList<E> queue = new LinkedList<>();
    private int limit;

    /**
     * 构造方法注入队列上限
     *
     * @param limit     队列上限
     */
    public BlockingQueue(int limit) {
        this.limit = limit;
    }

    public synchronized void enqueue(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        while (queue.size() == limit) {
            wait();
        }
        queue.add(e);
        notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized E dequeue() throws InterruptedException {
        while (queue.size() == 0) {
            wait();
        }
        notifyAll();
        return queue.removeFirst();
    }

}

线程池

class ThreadPool<R extends Runnable, T extends BaseThread> {

    private BlockingQueue<R> blockingQueue;
    private List<T> threads = new ArrayList<>();
    private boolean stop = false;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public ThreadPool(int blockingQueueLimit, int threadNumber, Supplier<T> supplier) {
        if (threadNumber < 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Param 'threadNumber' cannot be less than 1.");
        }

        //初始化阻塞队列
        blockingQueue = new BlockingQueue<>(blockingQueueLimit);

        //初始化线程池中的线程
        IntStream.rangeClosed(1, threadNumber).forEach(i -> {
            T t = supplier.get();
            t.setBlockingQueue(blockingQueue);
            threads.add(t);
        });

        //启动线程
        for (T t : threads) {
            t.start();
        }
    }

    public synchronized void execute(R r) throws InterruptedException {
        if (stop) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("ThreadPool is stopped.");
        }
        //将任务添加到阻塞队列中
        this.blockingQueue.enqueue(r);
    }

    public synchronized void doStop() {
        this.stop = true;
        for (T thread : threads) {
            thread.interrupt();
        }
    }

}

自定义线程 BaseThread 类

class BaseThread<R extends Runnable> extends Thread {

    private BlockingQueue<R> blockingQueue;

    public void setBlockingQueue(BlockingQueue<R> blockingQueue) {
        this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!this.isInterrupted()) {
            try {
                blockingQueue.dequeue().run();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

测试

ThreadPool<Runnable, BaseThread<Runnable>> threadPool = new ThreadPool<>(2, 1, BaseThread::new);
threadPool.execute(() -> System.out.println("测试线程池"));

我们只需要将任务添加到阻塞队列中，线程池中的线程会对阻塞队列循环做出队操作，并执行任务，我们还可以通过调用doStop()方法停止线程池。