[Java 集合] 3. Iterable 接口

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一、概述

与 Iterator 接口不同，Iterable 是 java.lang 包中定义的一个接口，表示可迭代的。Java.util.Collection 接口继承了 Iterable 接口，这就意味着所有Collection子类都要重写Iterator 接口中定义的抽象方法。

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二、Iterable

如下所示：Iterable API 提供了3个方法，分别是 forEach(Consumer<? super T> action)、iterator()、spliterator()方法，其中 forEach 和 spliterator 是默认方法，且这两个默认方法都是Java 8 新增的方法。

2.1 forEach() 方法

循环遍历

/**
 * Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
 * until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
 * exception.  Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
 * actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
 * is specified).  Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
 * caller.
 *
 * @implSpec
 * <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
 * <pre>{@code
 *     for (T t : this)
 *         action.accept(t);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * @param action The action to be performed for each element
 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
 * @since 1.8
 */
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(action);
    for (T t : this) {
        action.accept(t);
    }
}

2.2 iterator() 方法

获取迭代器

/**
 * Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
 *
 * @return an Iterator.
 */
Iterator<T> iterator();

2.3 spliterator () 方法

获取分离迭代器，该方法在 java 8 的并行流中被广泛使用。

/**
 * Creates a {@link Spliterator} over the elements described by this
 * {@code Iterable}.
 *
 * @implSpec
 * The default implementation creates an
 * <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">early-binding</a></em>
 * spliterator from the iterable's {@code Iterator}.  The spliterator
 * inherits the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterable's iterator.
 *
 * @implNote
 * The default implementation should usually be overridden.  The
 * spliterator returned by the default implementation has poor splitting
 * capabilities, is unsized, and does not report any spliterator
 * characteristics. Implementing classes can nearly always provide a
 * better implementation.
 *
 * @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements described by this
 * {@code Iterable}.
 * @since 1.8
 */
default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
    return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
}

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三、Iterator 与 Iterable 的区别

（1）包不同：java.util.iterator \ java.lang.Iterable
（2）作用不同：Iterator 表示迭代器、Iterable 表示可迭代的。