一、概述
与 Iterator 接口不同,Iterable 是 java.lang 包中定义的一个接口,表示可迭代的。Java.util.Collection 接口继承了 Iterable 接口,这就意味着所有Collection子类都要重写Iterator 接口中定义的抽象方法。
二、Iterable
如下所示:Iterable API 提供了3个方法,分别是 forEach(Consumer<? super T> action)、iterator()、spliterator()方法,其中 forEach 和 spliterator 是默认方法,且这两个默认方法都是Java 8 新增的方法。
2.1 forEach() 方法
循环遍历
/**
* Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
* until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
* exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
* actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
* is specified). Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
* caller.
*
* @implSpec
* <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
* <pre>{@code
* for (T t : this)
* action.accept(t);
* }</pre>
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each element
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
2.2 iterator() 方法
获取迭代器
/**
* Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
*
* @return an Iterator.
*/
Iterator<T> iterator();
2.3 spliterator () 方法
获取分离迭代器,该方法在 java 8 的并行流中被广泛使用。
/**
* Creates a {@link Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
*
* @implSpec
* The default implementation creates an
* <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">early-binding</a></em>
* spliterator from the iterable's {@code Iterator}. The spliterator
* inherits the <em>fail-fast</em> properties of the iterable's iterator.
*
* @implNote
* The default implementation should usually be overridden. The
* spliterator returned by the default implementation has poor splitting
* capabilities, is unsized, and does not report any spliterator
* characteristics. Implementing classes can nearly always provide a
* better implementation.
*
* @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements described by this
* {@code Iterable}.
* @since 1.8
*/
default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
}
三、Iterator 与 Iterable 的区别
(1)包不同:java.util.iterator \ java.lang.Iterable
(2)作用不同:Iterator 表示迭代器、Iterable 表示可迭代的。