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gdb使用
启动gdb调试的必须步骤
1、编译生成可执行文件
gcc -g xx.c -o xx
2、启动GDB
gdb xx
3、在main函数处设置断点
break main
4、运行程序
run
选用gdb命令对程序进行后续调试
[括号里为快捷键]
list(l) 查看程序
break(b) 函数名 在某函数入口处添加断点
break(b) 行号 在指定行添加断点
break(b) 文件名:行号 在指定文件的指定行添加断点
info break 查看所有设置的断点
delete 断点编号 删除断点
next(n) 单步运行程序(不进入子函数)
step(s) 单步运行程序(进入子函数)
continue(c) 继续运行程序
print(p) 变量名 查看指定变量值
set var=value 设置变量的值
quit(q) 退出
例子
例 利用GDB追踪变量值
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=0;
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
a++;
if(a<5)
a*=5;
else
a+=10;
return 0;
}
chh001@lucky:~$ gcc -g a.c -o a
chh001@lucky:~$ gdb a
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.11.1-0ubuntu1~16.5) 7.11.1
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from a...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4004da: file a.c, line 5.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/chh001/a
Breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:5
5 int a=0;
(gdb) p a ---->打印a
$1 = 0 ---->a为0
(gdb) s
6 int i=0;
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) s
8 a++;
(gdb) p a
$2 = 0 --->a为0
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) p a
$3 = 1
(gdb) s
8 a++;
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) s
8 a++;
(gdb) p a
$4 = 2 --->a为2
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) s
8 a++;
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) s
8 a++;
(gdb) s
7 for(i=0;i<5;i++)
(gdb) s
9 if(a<5)
(gdb) s
12 a*=5;
(gdb) p a
$5 = 5
(gdb) s
13 return 0;
(gdb) p a
$6 = 25 ---->最终结果a为25
(gdb) q ----->退出
A debugging session is active.
Inferior 1 [process 47418] will be killed.
Quit anyway? (y or n) y