ElasticSearch-索引别名

给一个索引或多个索引建一个别名使索引之间

场景一:

假如我们的日志数据是以月数格式存储, 列如1,2,3月分别创建索引, 当我们想查询一个用户3个月中一个出现次数, 需要分别查询索引, 这种方式比较低效, 可以创建索引别名(last_three_mothod), 同时进行查询

当请求last_three_mothod时向3个索引进行了转发

# 添加数据
PUT /march_log  # 创建3个格式一样的索引 
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "city":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "double"
      }
    }
  }
}

# 创建别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "march_log",
        "alias": "last_three_mothod",
        "is_write_index": "true" # 当指定别名写入时
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "january_log",
        "alias": "last_three_mothod"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "februray_log",
        "alias": "last_three_mothod"
      }
    }
  ]
}


GET last_three_mothod/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
          {
            "range": {
              "price": {
                
                "gte": 10
              }
            }
         }
      ]
    }
  }
}
# 结果
{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "februray_log", # 索引名称
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "001", // 主键
        "_score" : 0.0, 分数
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "河北宾馆",
          "city" : "河北",
          "price" : "1923.23"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "january_log",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "001",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "好再来",
          "city" : "青岛",
          "price" : "753.23"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "march_log",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "001",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "如家",
          "city" : "河北",
          "price" : "200.23"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

注意:
当一个别名只绑定了一个索引时,可以指定别名进行写入,如果一个别名绑定了多个索引,不可以指定别名写入

但是可以在多个索引中指定一个索引进行写入,设置索引的is_write_index=true,此时再次写入就可以写入到指定的索引中

场景二:

引入别名以后,还可以使用别名表示索引之间的关系.
比如一个索引在创建以后, 有些值是不能改变的(主分片个数), 但是随着业务的增大,需要更改索引参数进行优化, 我们需要平滑解决, 即更改索引设置,又不更改索引名称,
以march_log为例, 一个主分片的默认值是1, 我们需要将主分片的数量设置成10

PUT /march_log_4  # 创建新的index
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 10,
    "number_of_replicas": 2
  }, 
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "city":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "double"
      }
    }
  }
}


POST _reindex ## 数据同步
{
  "source": {
    "index": "march_log",
    "size": 1000 ## 每次通过数据条数, 不设置不限制
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "march_log_4"
  }
}

POST /_aliases ## 更换映射关系
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "march_log",
        "alias": "last_three_mothod"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "march_log_4",
        "alias": "last_three_mothod"
      }
    }
  ]
}