New 21 Game

Alice plays the following game, loosely based on the card game "21".

Alice starts with 0 points, and draws numbers while she has less than K points.  During each draw, she gains an integer number of points randomly from the range [1, W], where W is an integer.  Each draw is independent and the outcomes have equal probabilities.

Alice stops drawing numbers when she gets K or more points.  What is the probability that she has N or less points?

Example 1:

Input: N = 10, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 1.00000
Explanation:  Alice gets a single card, then stops.

Example 2:

Input: N = 6, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 0.60000
Explanation:  Alice gets a single card, then stops.
In 6 out of W = 10 possibilities, she is at or below N = 6 points.

Example 3:

Input: N = 21, K = 17, W = 10
Output: 0.73278

Note:

1. 0 <= K <= N <= 10000
2. 1 <= W <= 10000
3. Answers will be accepted as correct if they are within 10^-5 of the correct answer.
4. The judging time limit has been reduced for this question.

题目理解：

以均等概率抽W张卡片，卡片上分别有[1,W]分数，如果累计分数达到K，那么停止抽卡，问停止抽卡时，手中卡片的累计分数在[K,N]之间的概率

解题思路：

用一个一位数组存储卡片累计分数为x的概率，遍历抽到每一张卡片的情况

p[x] = p[x-i] * (1 / W),   i = 1,2,3,...,W

最后返回K到N之间的概率和

这一题有更好的解法，p[x]不是代表卡片和为x的概率，而是卡片和为1,2,3,4,...x的概率的和

这里给出一般解法的代码

class Solution {
	public double new21Game(int N, int K, int W) {
		double[] record = new double[N + 1];
		record[0] = 1;
		double base = 1.0 / W;
		for(int i = 1; i < N + 1; i++) {
			int j = Math.max(0, i - W);
			for(; j < i && j < K; j++) {
				record[i] += record[j];
			}
			record[i] *= base;
		}
		double res = 0;
		for(int i = K; i < N + 1; i++)
			res += record[i];
		return res;
    }
}