Java代码效率（一）：构建对象

一重叠构造器

public class PersonOverlap {

    private final String name;
    private final int age;
    private final int sex;
    private final String address;

    public PersonOverlap(String name) {
        this(name, 0, 0, "");
    }

    public PersonOverlap(String name, int age) {
        this(name, age, 0, "");
    }

    public PersonOverlap(String name, int age, int sex) {
        this(name, age, sex, "");
    }

    public PersonOverlap(String name, int age, int sex, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.address = address;
    }
}

二JavaBean

public class PersonJavabean {

    private  String name;
    private  int age;
    private  int sex;
    private  String address;

    public PersonJavabean() {
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setSex(int sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

}

三基础构建器

public class PersonBuild {

    private final String name;
    private final int age;
    private final int sex;
    private final String address;

    public static class Builder {
        private final String name;
        private final int age;
        private int sex = 0;
        private String address = "";

        public Builder(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public Builder sex(int val) {
            sex = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder address(String val) {
            address = val;
            return this;
        }

        public PersonBuild build() {
            return new PersonBuild(this);
        }
    }

    private PersonBuild(Builder builder) {
        name = builder.name;
        age = builder.age;
        sex = builder.sex;
        address = builder.address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "PersonBuild{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex=" + sex +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

//调用
        PersonBuild personBuild = new PersonBuild.Builder("小李",10).sex(1).address("合肥").build();
        System.out.println(personBuild.toString());
        //打印
        》》》PersonBuild{name='小李', age=10, sex=1, address='合肥'}

四类层次结构构建器

// Person
public abstract class Person {
    public String name;
    public int age;

    abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>> {
        private String name;
        private int age;

        public T setNameAndAge(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            return self();
        }

        abstract Person build();

        protected abstract T self();
    }

    Person(Builder<?> builder) {
        name = builder.name;
        age = builder.age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

// SuperMan
public class SuperMan extends Person {

    private String sex;

    private boolean isCanFly;

    public static class Builder extends Person.Builder<Builder>{

        private String sex;

        private boolean isCanFly;

        public Builder(String sex, boolean isCanFly){
            this.sex = Objects.requireNonNull(sex);
            this.isCanFly = Objects.requireNonNull(isCanFly);
        }

        @Override
        public SuperMan build() {
            return new SuperMan(this);
        }

        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }

    SuperMan(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        sex = builder.sex;
        isCanFly = builder.isCanFly;
    }

    @Override
    // TODO: todo的作用就是标记，可以快速找到相关记录，从而进行下一步操作
    public String toString() {
        return "SuperMan{" +
                "sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", isCanFly=" + isCanFly +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

//调用
        SuperMan superMan = new SuperMan.Builder("男", true).setNameAndAge("超人",19).build();
        System.out.println(superMan);
        //打印
        》》》SuperMan{sex='男', isCanFly=true, name='超人', age=19}

参考资料: Effective Java.