Java创建对象的5种方式

1. new 关键字

可以随意的调用构造器

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        Person person2 = new Person("name");
    }
}

---

2. 反射机制（Class.forName("完整类名")）

优点：使用灵活，可以不修改代码，通过修改配置文件来任意的创建对象

如果只希望一个类的静态代码执行，其他代码不执行，就可使用反射机制

例：Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class<Person> clazz = (Class<Person>) Class.forName("Person");
        Person person = clazz.newInstance();
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

注：使用newInstance创建类时，被创建的类中必须存在无参构造否则会报错

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InstantiationException: Person
	at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:427)
	at Main.main(Main.java:9)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: Person.<init>()
	at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3082)
	at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:412)
	... 1 more

---

3.Constructors.Instance()

比Class.forName()的功能更加强大，可以使用它调用一些私有的构造方法，而不仅仅限制于public

 3.1 getDeclaredConstructors()

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Constructor<?>[] constructors = Person.class.getDeclaredConstructors();
        System.out.println(constructors[0]);
        System.out.println(constructors[1]);
        Person person = (Person) constructors[0].newInstance();
        System.out.println(person);
        Person person1 = (Person) constructors[1].newInstance("111");
        System.out.println(person1);

    }
}

public Person()
public Person(java.lang.String)
Person{name='null'}
Person{name='111'}

public class Person {
    String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

注：constructors数组中构造参数的下标取决与被创建类中构造方法的前后顺序

3.2 getConstructors()

此方法只能得到public的构造方法，得到的只能是getDeclaredConstructors()结果的子集

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Constructor<?>[] constructors = Person.class.getDeclaredConstructors();
        Constructor<?>[] constructors1 = Person.class.getConstructors();
        System.out.println(constructors.length);
        System.out.println(constructors[0]);
        System.out.println(constructors[1]);
        System.out.println(constructors1.length);
        System.out.println(constructors1[0]);

    }
}

2
public Person()
private Person(java.lang.String)
1
public Person()

public class Person {
    String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    private Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

---

4. Clone

若想使用此方法，则必须实现Cloneable接口并重写其中的clone方法，clone()方法是浅拷贝，不会调用构造方法，只会将被拷贝的类中的属性的地址引用到新的类中

public class People implements Cloneable {

    public People() {
        System.out.println("我被调用了");
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {

        People people = new People();
        People clone = (People) people.clone();
        System.out.println(people.equals(clone));

    }
}

我被调用了
false

---

5. 反序列化

被序列化的类必须实现Serializable接口

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
    <version>3.9</version>
</dependency>

public class People implements Serializable {
    String name;
    int age;

    public People(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "People{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        People people = new People("li",11);
        byte[] bytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(people);
        Object people1 = SerializationUtils.deserialize(bytes);
        System.out.println(people);
        System.out.println(people1);
        System.out.println(people.equals(people1));

    }
}

People{name='li', age=11}
People{name='li', age=11}
false