Go——类型断言语法i.(T)的使用

Type assertions

A type assertion provides access to an interface value's underlying concrete value.

t := i.(T)

This statement asserts that the interface value i holds the concrete type T and assigns the underlying T value to the variable t.

If i does not hold a T, the statement will trigger a panic.

To test whether an interface value holds a specific type, a type assertion can return two values: the underlying value and a boolean value that reports whether the assertion succeeded.

t, ok := i.(T)

If i holds a T, then t will be the underlying value and ok will be true.

If not, ok will be false and t will be the zero value of type T, and no panic occurs.

Note the similarity between this syntax and that of reading from a map.

总结

1，类型断言返回两个值，一个是i的underlying value，一个是判断i是否为T类型的布尔变量

2，如果不为T类型，布尔变量为false并返回T类型的零值给t

3，如果为T类型，布尔变量为true并返回i的underlying value

4，类型断言的用法和Go中map根据key取value的用法有相似之处

实例代码

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	var i interface{} = "hello"

	s := i.(string)
	fmt.Println(s)

	s, ok := i.(string)
	fmt.Println(s, ok)

	f, ok := i.(float64)
	fmt.Println(f, ok)

	f = i.(float64) // panic
	fmt.Println(f)
} 



output：
hello
hello true
0 false
panic: interface conversion: interface {} is string, not float64

goroutine 1 [running]:
main.main()
	/tmp/sandbox247961751/prog.go:17 +0x1fe