python----opencv实操

mmd_0912

于 2023-03-22 17:38:51 发布

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文章标签： opencv python 计算机视觉

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37975258/article/details/129714586

版权

这篇文章展示了使用OpenCV库在Python中进行图像和视频处理的各种操作，包括读取显示保存图片、摄像头捕获视频、颜色转换、绘制图形、图像阈值化、模糊处理、以及鼠标事件驱动的图形绘制等。

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1. 读取显示保存的方法

import cv2
# show and save the picture 
img = cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.namedWindow('image',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv2.imwrite('{}'.format('opencv.png'),img)

选择分支

import cv2
# show and save the picture 
img = cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.namedWindow('image',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
k=cv2.waitKey(0)
if k==27:
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
elif k==ord('s'):
    cv2.imwrite('{}'.format('opencv.png'),img)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2. 摄像头读取视频

import cv2
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while(True):
    ret,frame=cap.read()
    gray=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    cv2.imshow('frame',gray)
    if cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF==ord('q'):
        break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

获取保存播放视频

import cv2
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output.avi',fourcc,20.0,(640,480))
 
while(cap.isOpened()):
    ret,frame = cap.read()
    if ret == True:
        frame = cv2.flip(frame,0)
        out.write(frame)
        cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF==ord('q'):
            break
    else:
        break
cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3. 画曲线，圆，椭圆

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = np.zeros((512,512,3), np.uint8)
cv2.line(img,(0,0),(511,511),(255,0,0),5)
cv2.rectangle(img,(384,0),(510,128),(0,255,0),3)
cv2.circle(img,(447,63),63,(0,0,255),-1)
cv2.ellipse(img,(256,256),(100,50),0,0,180,255,-1)
pts = np.array([[10,5],[20,30],[70,20],[50,10]],np.int32)
pts  = pts.reshape((-1,1,2))
font=cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
cv2.putText(img,'drawing',(10,500),font,4,(255,255,255),2)
cv2.namedWindow('drawing',cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.imshow('drawing',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows('drawing')

4. 颜色变换器

import cv2
import numpy as np 
 
def nothing(x):
    pass
 
img = np.zeros((300,512,3),np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('image')
 
cv2.createTrackbar('R','image',0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('G','image',0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('B','image',0,255,nothing)
 
switch='0:OFF\n1:ON'
cv2.createTrackbar(switch,'image',0,1,nothing)
 
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    k=cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF
    if k == 27:
        break
    r = cv2.getTrackbarPos('R','image')
    g = cv2.getTrackbarPos('G','image')
    b = cv2.getTrackbarPos('B','image')
    s = cv2.getTrackbarPos(switch,'image')
 
    if s==0:
        img[:]=0
    else:
        img[:]=[b,g,r]
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

5. 画板画图

import cv2
import numpy as np
def nothing(x):
    pass
drawing=False
mode=True
ix,iy=-1,-1
 
def draw_circle(event,x,y,flags,param):
    r=cv2.getTrackbarPos('R','image')
    g=cv2.getTrackbarPos('G','image')
    b=cv2.getTrackbarPos('B','image')
    color=(b,g,r)
 
    global ix,iy,drawing,mode
    if event==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        drawing=True
        ix,iy=x,y
    elif event==cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE and flags==cv2.EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON:
        if drawing==True:
            if mode==True:
                cv2.rectangle(img,(ix,iy),(x,y),color,-1)
            else:
                cv2.circle(img,(x,y),3,color,-1)
    elif event==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        drawing=False
        if mode==True:
            cv2.rectangle(img,(ix,iy),(x,y),(0,255,0),-1)
        else:
            cv2.circle(img,(x,y),5,(0,0,255),-1)
 
img = np.zeros((512,512,3),np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('image')
cv2.createTrackbar('R','image',0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('G','image',0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('B','image',0,255,nothing)
cv2.setMouseCallback('image',draw_circle)
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    k=cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF
    if k==ord('m'):
        mode=not mode
    elif k==27:
        break

6. opencv知识点

import cv2
import numpy as np
img=cv2.imread('opencv.jpg')
b,g,r=cv2.split(img)
img=cv2.merge(b,g,r)   #有问题
px=img[100,100]
px=[255.255,255]
print(px)
blue=img[100,100,0]
print(blue)
print(img.item(10,10,2))
img.itemset((10,10,2),100)
print(img.item(10,10,2))
print(img.shape)
print(img.size)
print(img.dtype)
ball = img[300:340,330:390]
img[273:333,100:160]=ball
 
 
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    k=cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF
    if k==ord('m'):
        mode=not mode
    elif k==27:
        break

7. 镜像

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
BLUE=[255,0,0]
 
img1=cv2.imread('test0.jpg')
 
replicate =cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect =cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101 =cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap =cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant =cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value=BLUE)
 
mp.subplot(231),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original')
mp.subplot(232),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original2')
mp.subplot(233),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original3')
mp.subplot(234),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original4')
mp.subplot(235),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original5')
mp.subplot(236),mp.imshow(img1,'gray'),mp.title('original6')
 
mp.show()

8. 图片相加，mixup

import cv2
import numpy as np
 
img1 =cv2.imread('test0.jpg')
img2 =cv2.imread('test0.jpg')
x=cv2.add(img1,img2)
dst = cv2.addWeighted(img1,0.7,img2,0.3,0)
cv2.imshow('dst',x)
cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

9. 提取颜色追踪

import cv2
import numpy as np
# flags = [i for i in dir(cv2) if i stratswith('COLOR_')]
# print flags
 
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
 
while(1):
    ret,frame=cap.read()
 
    hsv=cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
 
    lower_blue=np.array([110,50,50])
    upper_blue=np.array([130,250,250])
 
    mask=cv2.inRange(hsv,lower_blue,upper_blue)
 
    res=cv2.bitwise_and(frame,frame,mask=mask)
 
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    cv2.imshow('mask',mask)
    cv2.imshow('res',res)
    k=cv2.waitKey(5)&0xFF
    if k==27:
        break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

10. 缩放,平移,旋转.仿射变换,透视变换

import numpy as np
import cv2
img=cv2.imread('test.jpg')
# res=cv2.resize(img,None,fx=2,fy=2,interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
height,width=img.shape[:2]
res=cv2.resize(img,(2*width,2*width),interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
print('i love opencv')
 
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('res',res)
    cv2.imshow('img',img)
    if cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF==27:
        break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

11. 图像阈值化

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img=cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
ret,thresh1=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
 
 
titles = ['original Image', 'binary','BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC','TOZERO','tozero_inv']
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]
 
for i in range(6):
    mp.subplot(2,3,i+1),mp.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    mp.title(titles[i])
    mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.show()

12. 模拟虚化

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img=cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
img =cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
ret,th1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
th2=cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
th3=cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
titles=['Original Image','Global Thresholding','adative_mean','adativa_gaussian']
images=[img,th1,th2,th3]
 
for i in range(4):
    mp.subplot(2,2,i+1),mp.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    mp.title(titles[i])
    mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.show()

13. 二值化

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img=cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
 
ret1,th1=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
 
ret2,th2=cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
 
blur=cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),0)
 
ret3,th3=cv2.threshold(blur,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
 
image=[img,0,th1,
        img,0,th2,
        blur,0,th3]
titles=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
for i in range(3):
    mp.subplot(3,3,i*3+1),mp.imshow(image[i*3],'gray')
    mp.title(titles[i*3]),mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
    mp.subplot(3,3,i*3+2),mp.hist(image[i*3].ravel(),256)
    mp.title(titles[i*3+1]),mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
    mp.subplot(3,3,i*3+3),mp.imshow(image[i*3+2],'gray')
    mp.title(titles[i*3+2]),mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
mp.show()

14. 平均滤波器

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img = cv2.imread('opencv.jpg')
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.float32)/25
dst=cv2.filter2D(img,-1,kernel)
mp.subplot(121),mp.imshow(img),mp.title('original')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.subplot(122),mp.imshow(dst),mp.title('aver')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.show()

15. 均值滤波,高斯滤波,双边滤波

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img = cv2.imread('opencv.jpg')
 
blur = cv2.blur(img,(50,50))
gaussian_blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),0)
median =cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
biblur=cv2.bilateralFilter(img,9,75,75)
 
mp.subplot(231),mp.imshow(img),mp.title('original')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.subplot(232),mp.imshow(blur),mp.title('aver')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.subplot(233),mp.imshow(gaussian_blur),mp.title('aver')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.subplot(234),mp.imshow(blur),mp.title('aver')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.subplot(235),mp.imshow(blur),mp.title('aver')
mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.show()

16. 腐蚀膨胀

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
 
img = cv2.imread('opencv.jpg',0)
 
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations=1)
dilation=cv2.dilate(img,kernel,iterations=1)
openings=cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)
closings=cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_CLOSE,kernel)
sgd=cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT,kernel)
top=cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernel)
black=cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernel)
blur = cv2.blur(img,(50,50))
gaussian_blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),0)
pic_list=['erosion','dilation','openings','closings','sgd','top','black','blur','gaussian_blur']
 
for i in range(9):
    mp.subplot(3,3,i+1)
    mp.imshow(top)
    mp.title(pic_list[i],fontsize=8)
    mp.xticks([]),mp.yticks([])
 
mp.show()

17. 拖动鼠标画矩形与圆形

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import cv2
import numpy as np
drawing = False
mode = True
ix,iy = -1,-1


def draw_circle(event,x,y,flags,param):
    global ix,iy,drawing,mode
    if event==cv2.EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON:
        drawing = True
        ix, iy = x, y
    elif event == cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE and flags == cv2.EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON:
        if drawing==True:
            if mode==True:
                cv2.rectangle(img,(ix,iy),(x,y),(0,250,0), -1)
            else:
                cv2.circle(img,(x,y),3,(0,255,0),-1)
        elif event == cv2.EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON:
            drawing==False

img = np.zeros((512,512,3), np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('opencv')
cv2.setMouseCallback('opencv',draw_circle)
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('opencv',img)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
    elif cv2.waitKey(1) &0xFF == ord('m'):
        mode = not mode
cv2.imwrite('./1.jpg',img)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

18. 用滑动条做调色板

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np 

def nothing(x):
    pass

img = np.zeros((350, 512, 3), np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('image')

cv2.createTrackbar('R', 'image', 0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('G', 'image', 0,255,nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('B', 'image', 0,255,nothing)

switch = '0:OFF\n1:ON'
cv2.createTrackbar(switch,'image',0,1,nothing)

while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image', img)
    k = cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF
    if k==27:
        break
    r = cv2.getTrackbarPos('R','image')
    g = cv2.getTrackbarPos('G','image')
    b = cv2.getTrackbarPos('B', 'image')
    s = cv2.getTrackbarPos(switch, 'image')

    if s==0:
        img[:]=0
    else:
        img[:]=[b,g,r]

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

19. 选取颜色画图形

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import cv2
import numpy as np

def nothing(x):
    pass


drawing = False
mode = True
ix,iy = -1,-1


def draw_circle(event,x,y,flags,param):
    r = cv2.getTrackbarPos('R','image')
    g = cv2.getTrackbarPos('G','image')
    b = cv2.getTrackbarPos('B', 'image')
    color = (b, g, r)
    global ix,iy,drawing,mode
    if event==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTON:
        drawing = True
        ix, iy = x, y
    elif event == cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE and flags == cv2.EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON:
        if drawing==True:
            if mode==True:
                cv2.rectangle(img,(ix,iy),(x,y),(0,250,0), -1)
            else:
                cv2.circle(img,(x,y),3,(0,255,0),-1)
        elif event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTON:
            drawing==False

img = np.zeros((512,512,3), np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow('image')
cv2.createTrackbar('R', 'image', 0, 255, nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('G', 'image', 0, 255, nothing)
cv2.createTrackbar('B', 'image', 0, 255, nothing)
cv2.setMouseCallback('image',draw_circle)
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image',img)
    k = cv2.waitKey(1)&0xFF
    if k == ord('m'):
        mode = not mode
    elif k==27:
        break