Java Base64与字符串相互转换，Base64与文件、流相互转换

1、转换类

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

public class Base64Object {
    /**
     * 将流转base64字符串
     * @param in
     * @return
     */
    public static String streamToBase64(InputStream in) {
        byte[] data = null;
        // 读取图片字节数组
        try {
            ByteArrayOutputStream swapStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buff = new byte[100];
            int rc;
            while ((rc = in.read(buff, 0, 100)) > 0) {
                swapStream.write(buff, 0, rc);
            }
            data = swapStream.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(data));
    }
    /**
     * 将文件转base64字符串
     * @param path
     * @return
     */
    public static String fileToBase64(String path) {
        String base64 = null;
        InputStream in = null;
        try {
            File file = new File(path);
            in = new FileInputStream(file);
            byte[] bytes=new byte[(int)file.length()];
            in.read(bytes);
            base64 = java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
//            base64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return base64;
    }

    /**
     * base64转文件
     * @param base64
     * @param filePath
     */
    public static void base64ToFile(String base64, String filePath) {
        try {
            Files.write(Paths.get(filePath), java.util.Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64), StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 把String的转换成base64码
     */
    public static String stringToBase64(String ss) {
        byte[] bytes = ss.getBytes();
        String encode = Base64Util.encode(bytes);
        return encode;
    }

    /**
     * 把base64的String码转换成正常显示的字符串
     */
    public static String base64ToString(String base64) throws Exception {
        String result;
        try {
            byte[] decode = Base64Util.decode(base64);
            result = new String(decode);
        }catch (Exception e){
            throw new Exception(base64+"：格式错误！");
        }
        return result;
    }
}

2、基类

public final class Base64Util {
    private static final int BASELENGTH = 128;
    private static final int LOOKUPLENGTH = 64;
    private static final int TWENTYFOURBITGROUP = 24;
    private static final int EIGHTBIT = 8;
    private static final int SIXTEENBIT = 16;
    private static final int FOURBYTE = 4;
    private static final int SIGN = -128;
    private static char PAD = '=';
    private static byte[] base64Alphabet = new byte[BASELENGTH];
    private static char[] lookUpBase64Alphabet = new char[LOOKUPLENGTH];
    static {
        for (int i = 0; i < BASELENGTH; ++i) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = -1;
        }
        for (int i = 'Z'; i >= 'A'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'A');
        }
        for (int i = 'z'; i >= 'a'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'a' + 26);
        }
        for (int i = '9'; i >= '0'; i--) {
            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - '0' + 52);
        }
        base64Alphabet['+'] = 62;
        base64Alphabet['/'] = 63;
        for (int i = 0; i <= 25; i++) {
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('A' + i);
        }
        for (int i = 26, j = 0; i <= 51; i++, j++) {
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('a' + j);
        }
        for (int i = 52, j = 0; i <= 61; i++, j++) {
            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (char) ('0' + j);
        }
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] = (char) '+';
        lookUpBase64Alphabet[63] = (char) '/';
    }
    private static boolean isWhiteSpace(char octect) {
        return (octect == 0x20 || octect == 0xd || octect == 0xa || octect == 0x9);
    }
    private static boolean isPad(char octect) {
        return (octect == PAD);
    }
    private static boolean isData(char octect) {
        return (octect < BASELENGTH && base64Alphabet[octect] != -1);
    }
    /**
     把64位byte数组转换成String
     */
    public static String encode(byte[] binaryData) {
        if (binaryData == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int lengthDataBits = binaryData.length * EIGHTBIT;
        if (lengthDataBits == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        int fewerThan24bits = lengthDataBits % TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        int numberTriplets = lengthDataBits / TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
        int numberQuartet = fewerThan24bits != 0 ? numberTriplets + 1
                : numberTriplets;
        char encodedData[] = null;
        encodedData = new char[numberQuartet * 4];
        byte k = 0, l = 0, b1 = 0, b2 = 0, b3 = 0;
        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numberTriplets; i++) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex++];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex++];
            b3 = binaryData[dataIndex++];
            l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f);
            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2)
                    : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4)
                    : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0);
            byte val3 = ((b3 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b3 >> 6)
                    : (byte) ((b3) >> 6 ^ 0xfc);
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[(l << 2) | val3];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[b3 & 0x3f];
        }
        // form integral number of 6-bit groups
        if (fewerThan24bits == EIGHTBIT) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2)
                    : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[k << 4];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
        } else if (fewerThan24bits == SIXTEENBIT) {
            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex + 1];
            l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f);
            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2)
                    : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4)
                    : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0);
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[l << 2];
            encodedData[encodedIndex++] = PAD;
        }
        return new String(encodedData);
    }
    /**
     * 把Base64位编码转换成byte数组
     */
    public static byte[] decode(String encoded) {
        if (encoded == null) {
            return null;
        }
        char[] base64Data = encoded.toCharArray();
        // remove white spaces
        int len = removeWhiteSpace(base64Data);
        if (len % FOURBYTE != 0) {
            return null;// should be divisible by four
        }
        int numberQuadruple = (len / FOURBYTE);
        if (numberQuadruple == 0) {
            return new byte[0];
        }
        byte decodedData[] = null;
        byte b1 = 0, b2 = 0, b3 = 0, b4 = 0;
        char d1 = 0, d2 = 0, d3 = 0, d4 = 0;
        int i = 0;
        int encodedIndex = 0;
        int dataIndex = 0;
        decodedData = new byte[(numberQuadruple) * 3];
        for (; i < numberQuadruple - 1; i++) {
            if (!isData((d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))
                    || !isData((d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))
                    || !isData((d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))
                    || !isData((d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))) {
                return null;
            }// if found "no data" just return null
            b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
            b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];
            b3 = base64Alphabet[d3];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[d4];
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf));
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b3 << 6 | b4);
        }
        if (!isData((d1 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))
                || !isData((d2 = base64Data[dataIndex++]))) {
            return null;// if found "no data" just return null
        }
        b1 = base64Alphabet[d1];
        b2 = base64Alphabet[d2];
        d3 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        d4 = base64Data[dataIndex++];
        if (!isData((d3)) || !isData((d4))) {// Check if they are PAD characters
            if (isPad(d3) && isPad(d4)) {
                if ((b2 & 0xf) != 0)// last 4 bits should be zero
                {
                    return null;
                }
                byte[] tmp = new byte[i * 3 + 1];
                System.arraycopy(decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i * 3);
                tmp[encodedIndex] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
                return tmp;
            } else if (!isPad(d3) && isPad(d4)) {
                b3 = base64Alphabet[d3];
                if ((b3 & 0x3) != 0)// last 2 bits should be zero
                {
                    return null;
                }
                byte[] tmp = new byte[i * 3 + 2];
                System.arraycopy(decodedData, 0, tmp, 0, i * 3);
                tmp[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
                tmp[encodedIndex] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf));
                return tmp;
            } else {
                return null;
            }
        } else { // No PAD e.g 3cQl
            b3 = base64Alphabet[d3];
            b4 = base64Alphabet[d4];
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf));
            decodedData[encodedIndex++] = (byte) (b3 << 6 | b4);
        }
        return decodedData;
    }
    /**
     * remove WhiteSpace from MIME containing encoded Base64Util data.
     *
     * @param data
     *      the byte array of base64 data (with WS)
     * @return the new length
     */
    private static int removeWhiteSpace(char[] data) {
        if (data == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        // count characters that's not whitespace
        int newSize = 0;
        int len = data.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (!isWhiteSpace(data[i])) {
                data[newSize++] = data[i];
            }
        }
        return newSize;
    }
}

我这相当于把文件转化也整理了，原文链接：https://www.jb51.net/article/109046.htm