原来String是这样的(下)

前言

回顾

我们讲到了String的equals和==的区别：

equals根据你编写的方法体来进行比较，而==是根据比较的引用地址是否相同来比较的。

主题

今天我们来讲讲String类的其他.方法在源码中的解读.

例子

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public class Test { public static void main(String[] args){ String a1= new String( "abc"); String a2= new String( "abc"); System.out.println(a1.isEmpty()); System.out.println(a1.length()); System.out.println(a1.charAt( 1); System.out.println(a1.substring( 2, 3)); } }

String的几个方法

这里我们介绍了String的几个简单的方法。

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.isEmpty(); .length(); .charAt(); .subString();

我们查看源码就可以知道：String方法的几个构造器

.isEmpty();

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/** * Returns { @code true} if, and only if, { @link #length()} is { @code 0}. * * @return { @code true} if { @link #length()} is { @code 0}, otherwise * { @code false} * * @since 1.6 */ public boolean isEmpty() { return value.length == 0; }

isEmpty直接判断传进来的值长度是否为0

.length();

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/** * Returns the length of this string. * The length is equal to the number of <a href="Character.html#unicode">Unicode * code units</a> in the string. * * @return the length of the sequence of characters represented by this * object. */ public int length() { return value.length; }

返回字符串的长度

.charAt();

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/** * Returns the { @code char} value at the * specified index. An index ranges from { @code 0} to * { @code length() - 1}. The first { @code char} value of the sequence * is at index { @code 0}, the next at index { @code 1}, * and so on, as for array indexing. * * <p>If the { @code char} value specified by the index is a * <a href="Character.html#unicode">surrogate</a>, the surrogate * value is returned. * * @param index the index of the { @code char} value. * @return the { @code char} value at the specified index of this string. * The first { @code char} value is at index { @code 0}. * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException if the { @code index} * argument is negative or not less than the length of this * string. */ public char charAt(int index) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); } return value[index]; }

charAt这里我们可以看到，类型为char，定义了一个下标

如果下标index<0或者>=字符的长度抛出StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

否则返回value[index] 这里我们返回的就是vlaue[1] 答案为b

.subString();

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** * Returns a string that is a substring of this string. The * substring begins at the specified {@code beginIndex} and * extends to the character at index {@code endIndex - 1}. * Thus the length of the substring is {@code endIndex-beginIndex}. * <p> * Examples: * <blockquote><pre> * "hamburger".substring(4, 8) returns "urge" * "smiles".substring(1, 5) returns "mile" * </pre></blockquote> * * @param beginIndex the beginning index, inclusive. * @param endIndex the ending index, exclusive. * @return the specified substring. * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException if the * {@code beginIndex} is negative, or * {@code endIndex} is larger than the length of * this {@code String} object, or * {@code beginIndex} is larger than * {@code endIndex}. */ public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) { if (beginIndex < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex); } if (endIndex > value.length) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex); } int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex; if (subLen < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen); } return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen); }

subString方法有两个参数，一个起始指标，一个结束指标

判断beginIndex < 0抛出StringIndexOutOfBoundsException,同样的结束index大于长度抛出StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

然后定义一个sbuLen，为endIndex - beginIndex,判断subLen小于0抛出StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

返回如果(beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)返回对象本身，否则该数组和beginIndex、subLen`构成新的对象返回

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这里讲的就是String基本的几个方法。这里还有一个小彩蛋就是&和&&的区别

大家可以回忆一下.

&：方法无论前值是否为true,都要判断后面的逻辑表达式

&&:会形成短路，前面为false的时候就不执行后面逻辑

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结尾附上String的基本方法:

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/** * Initializes a newly created { @code String} object so that it represents * an empty character sequence. Note that use of this constructor is * unnecessary since Strings are immutable. */ public String() { this.value = "".value; } /** * Initializes a newly created { @code String} object so that it represents * the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the * newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Unless an * explicit copy of { @code original} is needed, use of this constructor is * unnecessary since Strings are immutable. * * @param original * A { @code String} */ public String(String original) { this.value = original.value; this.hash = original.hash; }

这就是String构成其实是一个数组，有value和hash两个属性，大家可以多多理解和想象一下.