参数优化

【Centos6 参数优化】
net.ipv4.ip_forward= 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1638400
net.core.somaxconn = 1638400
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 20000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1800000
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 90
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_retrans_collapse = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 51200 131072 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 51200 131072 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 655350
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 90
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 30
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 60

【centos7 参数优化】
#CTCDN系统优化参数
#关闭ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
# 避免放大攻击
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# 开启恶意icmp错误消息保护
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
#关闭路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

#开启反向路径过滤
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

#处理无源路由的包
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

#关闭sysrq功能
kernel.sysrq = 0
#core文件名中添加pid作为扩展名
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# 开启SYN洪水攻击保护
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
#修改消息队列长度
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
#设置最大内存共享段大小bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296

#timewait的数量，默认180000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

#每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时，允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
#限制仅仅是为了防止简单的DoS 攻击
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求的最大值
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

#内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYNACK 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1

#内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYN 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1

#启用timewait 快速回收
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets 重新用于新的TCP 连接
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1

#当keepalive 起用的时候，TCP 发送keepalive 消息的频度。缺省是2 小时
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30

#允许系统打开的端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
#修改防火墙表大小，默认65536
#net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=655350
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=1200
# 确保无人能修改路由表
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

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【tcp优化-高并发】
tcp_mem(3个INTEGER变量)：low, pressure, high

low：当TCP使用了低于该值的内存页面数时，TCP不会考虑释放内存。
pressure：当TCP使用了超过该值的内存页面数量时，TCP试图稳定其内存使用，进入pressure模式，当内存消耗低于low值时则退出pressure状态。
high：允许所有tcp sockets用于排队缓冲数据报的页面量，当内存占用超过此值，系统拒绝分配socket，后台日志输出“TCP: too many of orphaned sockets”。
一般情况下这些值是在系统启动时根据系统内存数量计算得到的。 根据当前tcp_mem最大内存页面数是1864896，当内存为(1864896*4)/1024K=7284.75M时，系统将无法为新的socket连接分配内存，即TCP连接将被拒绝。

实际测试环境中，据观察大概在99万个连接左右的时候(零头不算)，进程被杀死，触发out of socket memory错误（dmesg命令查看获得）。每一个连接大致占用7.5K内存（下面给出计算方式），大致可算的此时内存占用情况（990000 * 7.5 / 1024K = 7251M)。

这样和tcp_mem最大页面值数量比较吻合，因此此值也需要修改。

三个TCP调整语句为:

echo “net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 2097152 3145728”>> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo “net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 4096 16777216”>> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo “net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 4096 16777216”>> /etc/sysctl.conf