我们接着再调用一下另外一个接口addBook,我们在客户端给服务器添加一本书,然后再获取一次,看程序是否能够正常工作。还是上次的代码,客户端在服务连接后,在onServiceConnected中做如下改动
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
List<Book> list = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG,"query book list:" + list.toString());
Book newBook = new Book(3,"Android开发艺术探索");
bookManager.addBook(newBook);
Log.i(TAG,"add book:"+ newBook);
List<Book> newList = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG,"query book list:"+ newList.toString());
}catch (RemoteException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
运行后我们再看一下log,很显然,我们成功地向服务器添加了一本书“Android开发艺术探索”。
假设有一种需求:用户不想时不时去查询图书列表了,太累了,于是,他想“当有新书时能不能把书的信息告诉我呢?”。这就是一种典型的观察者模式,每个感兴趣的用户都观察新书,当新书到的时候,图书馆就通知每一个对这本书感兴趣的用户,这种模式在实际开发中用的很多。为了模拟这种情形,首先我们需要提供一个AIDL接口,每个用户都需要实现这个接口并且向图书馆申请新书的提醒功能,当然用户也可以随时取消这种提醒。之所以选择AIDL接口而不是普通接口,是因为AIDL中无分发使用普通接口。
这里我们创建一个IOnNewBookArrivedListener.aidl文件,从程序上说就是调用所有的IOnNewBookArrivedListener中的onNewBookArrived方法,并把新书的对象通过参数传递给客户端,内容如下所示
// IOnNewBookArrivedListener.aidl
package com.example.aidl;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.example.aidl.Book;
interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener {
void onNewBookArrived(in Book newBook);
}
除了要新加一个AIDL接口,还要在原有的接口中添加两个新方法,代码如下
// IBookManager.aidl
package com.example.aidl
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.example.aidl.Book;
interface IBookManager {
List<Book> getBookList();
void addBook(in Book book);
void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
}
接着,服务端中的Service的实现也要稍微修改,主要是Service中的IBookManager.Stub的实现,因为我们在IBookManager新加了两个方法,所以在IBookManager.Stub中也要实现这两个方法。同时,在BookManagerService中还开启了一个线程,每隔5s就向书库中增加一本新书并通知所有感兴趣的用户,代码如下:
package com.example.aidl;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
public class BookManagerService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "BMS";
private AtomicBoolean mIsServiceDestroyed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> mBookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book>();
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener>();
private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {
@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
return mBookList;
}
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(book);
}
@Override
public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener){
throw RemoteException{
if(!mListenerList.contains(listener)){
mListenerList.add(listener);
}else {
Log.d(TAG,"already exists");
}
Log.d(TAG,"registerListener,size:" + mListenerList.size());
}
}
@Override
public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener)
throws RemoteException{
if(mListenerList.contains(listener)){
mListenerList.remove(listener);
Log.d(TAG,"unregister listener succeed");
}else{
Log.d(TAG,"not found,can not unregister.");
}
Log.d(TAG,"unregister,current size:"+mListenerList.size());
};
};
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mBookList.add(new Book(1,"Android"));
mBookList.add(new Book(2,"IOS"));
new Thread(new ServiceWorker()).start();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mIsServiceDestroyed.set(true);
super.onDestroy();
}
private void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException{
mBookList.add(book);
Log.d(TAG,"onNewBookArrived,notify listeners:"+mListenerList.size());
for (int i=0;i<mListenerList.size();i++){
IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener = mListenerList.get(i);
Log.d(TAG,"onNewBookArrived,notify listener:"+listener);
listener.onNewBookArrived(book);
}
}
private class ServiceWorker implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (!mIsServiceDestroyed.get()){
try{
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
int bookId = mBookList.size()+1;
Book newBook = new Book(bookId,"new book#"+bookId);
try{
onNewBookArrived(newBook);
}catch (RemoteException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
最后,我们还需要修改一下客户端的代码,首先客户端要注册IOnNewBookArrivedListener到远程服务端,这样当有新书时服务端才能通知当前客户端,同时在Activity退出时解除这个注册;另一方面,当有新书时,服务端会回调客户端的IOnNewBookArrivedListener对象中的onNewBookArrived方法,但是这个方法是在客户端的Binder线程池中执行的,为了方便进行UI操作,需要有一个Handler可以将其切换到客户端的主线程中去执行。客户端代码修改如下:
package com.example.aidl;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.List;
public class BookManagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final String TAG = "BookManagerActivity";
private static final int MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED = 1;
private IBookManager mRemoteBookManager;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
switch (msg.what){
case MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED:
Log.d(TAG,"receive new book:"+msg.obj);
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
}
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
IBookManager bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
mRemoteBookManager = bookManager;
List<Book> list = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG,"query book list,list type:" + list.getClass().getCanonicalName());
Log.i(TAG,"query book list:"+list.toString());
Book newBook = new Book(3,"Android进阶");
bookManager.addBook(newBook);
Log.i(TAG,"add book:"+ newBook);
List<Book> newList = bookManager.getBookList();
Log.i(TAG,"query book list:"+ newList.toString());
bookManager.regiterListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
}catch (RemoteException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
mRemoteBookManager = null;
Log.e(TAG,"binder died");
}
};
private IOnNewBookArrivedListener mOnNewBookArrivedListener = new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub(){
@Override
public void onNewBookArrived(Book newBook) throws RemoteException{
mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_NEW_BOOK_ARRIVED,newBook).sendToTarget();
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_book_manager);
Intent intent = new Intent(this,BookManagerService.class);
bindService(intent,mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
if (mRemoteBookManager != null && mRemoteBookManager.asBinder().isBinderAlive()){
try{
Log.i(TAG,"unregister listener:"+mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
mRemoteBookManager.unregisterListener(mOnNewBookArrivedListener);
}catch (RemoteException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
unbindService(mConnection);
super.onDestroy();
}
}