node入门

nodejs

nodejs官方文档: https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v16.x/docs/api/
vscode: https://code.visualstudio.com/api

全局对象

https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/globals.html

console.log(__dirname);
console.log(__filename);

// require exports

var time = 0;

var timer = setInterval(function() {
    time += 2;
    console.log(time + " seconds have passed");
    if (time > 5) {
        clearInterval(timer);
    }
}, 2000);

回调函数

function callFunction(fun, name) {
    fun(name);
}

callFunction(function(name) {
    console.log(name + ' Bye');
}, 'rails365');

模块

app.js

var stuff = require('./count');

// var pi = require('./count').pi;

console.log(stuff.counter(['ruby', 'nodejs', 'react']));
console.log(stuff.adder(3));
// console.log(pi);

count.js

var adder = function(a) {
    return `the sum of the 2 numbers is ${a+pi}`;
}

var pi = 3.14;

module.exports = {
    counter: function(arr) {
        return "There are " + arr.length + " elements in the array";
    },
    adder: adder
}

事件

https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/events.html

https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/util.html#util_util_inherits_constructor_superconstructor

var events = require('events');
var util = require('util');

var Person = function(name) {
    this.name = name
}

util.inherits(Person, events.EventEmitter);

var xiaoming = new Person('xiaoming');
var lili = new Person('lili');
var lucy = new Person('lucy');

var person = [xiaoming, lili, lucy];

person.forEach(function(person) {
    person.on('speak', function(message) {
        console.log(person.name + " said: " + message);
    })
})

xiaoming.emit('speak', 'hi');
lucy.emit('speak', 'I want a curry');

// var myEmitter = new events.EventEmitter();

// myEmitter.on('someEvent', function(message) {
//     console.log(message);
// })

// myEmitter.emit('someEvent', 'the event was emitted');

读写文件（同步 异步）

var fs = require('fs');

var readMeOne = fs.readFile("readMe.txt", "utf8", function(err, data) {
    var waitTill = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 2 * 1000);
    while (waitTill > new Date()) {}
    console.log("first async");
});

var readMeTwo = fs.readFile("readMe.txt", "utf8", function(err, data) {
    var waitTill = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 2 * 1000);
    while (waitTill > new Date()) {}
    console.log("second async");
});

console.log("finished");

单线程运行 js 代码。

https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/fs.html#fs_fs_write_fd_string_position_encoding_callback

var fs = require('fs');

var readMe = fs.readFile("readMe.txt", "utf8", function(err, data) {
    fs.writeFile('writeMe.txt', data, function() {
        console.log('writeMe has finished');
    })
});

// var waitTill = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 4 * 1000);
// while (waitTill > new Date()) {}

console.log("finished");

创建和删除目录

var fs = require('fs');

fs.mkdir('stuff', function() {
    fs.readFile('readMe.txt', 'utf8', function(err, data) {
        fs.writeFile('./stuff/writeMe.txt', data, function() {
            console.log('copy successfully');
        })
    })
});

// fs.unlink("writeMe.txt", function() {
//     console.log("delete writeMe.txt file");
// })

流和管道

注意

ls | grep app 这个命令在 linux 或 mac 才适合，或者 windows 的 git bash 也可以的。

如果是 windows 的命令提示符，对应的查找文件的命令应该是： dir | findstr app

// 解压
var crypto = require('crypto');
var fs = require('fs');
var zlib = require('zlib');

var password = new Buffer(process.env.PASS || 'password');
var decryptStream = crypto.createDecipher('aes-256-cbc', password);

var gzip = zlib.createGunzip();
var readStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/out.gz');

readStream // reads current file
    .pipe(gzip) // uncompresses
    .pipe(decryptStream) // decrypts
    .pipe(process.stdout) // writes to terminal
    .on('finish', function() { // finished
        console.log('done');
    });

// 压缩
var crypto = require('crypto');
var fs = require('fs');
var zlib = require('zlib');

var password = new Buffer(process.env.PASS || 'password');
var encryptStream = crypto.createCipher('aes-256-cbc', password);

var gzip = zlib.createGzip();
var readStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + "/readMe.txt"); // current file
var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(__dirname + '/out.gz');

readStream // reads current file
    .pipe(encryptStream) // encrypts
    .pipe(gzip) // compresses
    .pipe(writeStream) // writes to out file
    .on('finish', function() { // all done
        console.log('done');
    });


// 流和管道
var fs = require('fs');

var myReadStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/readMe.txt');
var myWriteStream = fs.createWriteStream(__dirname + '/writeMe.txt');

myReadStream.pipe(myWriteStream);

var writeData = "hello world";
myWriteStream.write(writeData);
myWriteStream.end();
myWriteStream.on('finish', function() {
    console.log('finished');
})

myReadStream.setEncoding('utf8');

var data = ""

myReadStream.on('data', function(chunk) {
    // data += chunk;
    myWriteStream.write(chunk);
})

myReadStream.on('end', function() {
    // console.log(data);
})

web服务器

//response.write 是可以写多个的。

//比如：

response.write('<html>');
response.write('<body>');
response.write('<h1>Hello, World!</h1>');
response.write('</body>');
response.write('</html>');
response.end();

var http = require('http');

var onRequest = function(request, response) {
    console.log('Request received');
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });
    // response.write('Hello from out application');
    response.end('Hello from out application');
}

var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');

响应json

JSON formatter 插件：https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/json-formatter/bcjindcccaagfpapjjmafapmmgkkhgoa?hl=zh-CN

JSON.stringify: http://www.runoob.com/js/javascript-json-stringify.html

var http = require('http');

var onRequest = function(request, response) {
    console.log('Request received');
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
    // response.write('Hello from out application');
    var myObj = {
        name: "hfpp2012",
        job: "programmer",
        age: 27
    };
    response.end(JSON.stringify(myObj));
}

var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');

响应Html页面

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

var onRequest = function(request, response) {
    console.log('Request received');
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    var myReadStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8');
    // response.write('Hello from out application');
    myReadStream.pipe(response);
}

var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');

html字符串

'<!DOCTYPE html>' +
'<html lang="en">' +

'<head>' +
    '<meta charset="UTF-8">' +
    '<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">' +
    '<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">' +
    '<title>Document</title>' +
'</head>' +

'<body>' +

'</body>' +

'</html>'

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>hfpp2012</title>
</head>

<body>
    hello wolrd
</body>

</html>

模块化

server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer() {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received');
        response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
        var myReadStream = fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8');
        // response.write('Hello from out application');
        myReadStream.pipe(response);
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

exports.startServer = startServer;

app.js

var server = require('./server');

server.startServer();

路由

server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer() {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received ' + request.url);
        if (request.url === '/' || request.url === '/home') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/review') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        } else if (request.url === '/api/v1/records') {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
            var jsonObj = {
                name: "hfpp2012"
            };
            response.end(JSON.stringify(jsonObj));
        } else {
            response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
            fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/404.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
        }
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

exports.startServer = startServer;

review.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    review page
</body>

</html>

404.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
    404 error page
</body>

</html>

重构路由

app.js

var server = require('./server');
var router = require('./router');
var handler = require('./handler');

var handle = {};
handle["/"] = handler.home;
handle['/home'] = handler.home;
handle['/review'] = handler.review;
handle['/api/v1/records'] = handler.api_records;

server.startServer(router.route, handle);

server.js

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');

function startServer(route, handle) {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        console.log('Request received ' + request.url);
        route(handle, request.url, response);
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

module.exports.startServer = startServer;

router.js

var fs = require('fs');

function route(handle, pathname, response) {
    console.log('Routing a request for ' + pathname);
    if (typeof handle[pathname] === 'function') {
        handle[pathname](response);
    } else {
        response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
        fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/404.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
    }
}

module.exports.route = route;

handler.js

var fs = require('fs');

function home(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function review(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function api_records(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
    var jsonObj = {
        name: "hfpp2012"
    };
    response.end(JSON.stringify(jsonObj));
}

module.exports = {
    home: home,
    review: review,
    api_records: api_records
}

使用GET或POST请求发送数据

server.js

https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v9.x/docs/api/url.html#url_url_parse_urlstring_parsequerystring_slashesdenotehost

https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/anatomy-of-an-http-transaction/

var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');
var url = require('url');
var querystring = require('querystring');

function startServer(route, handle) {
    var onRequest = function(request, response) {
        var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;
        console.log('Request received ' + pathname);
        var data = [];
        request.on("error", function(err) {
            console.error(err);
        }).on("data", function(chunk) {
            data.push(chunk);
        }).on('end', function() {
            if (request.method === "POST") {
                if (data.length > 1e6) {
                    request.connection.destroy();
                }
                data = Buffer.concat(data).toString();
                route(handle, pathname, response, querystring.parse(data));
            } else {
                var params = url.parse(request.url, true).query;
                route(handle, pathname, response, params);
            }
        });
    }

    var server = http.createServer(onRequest);

    server.listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
    console.log('Server started on localhost port 3000');
}

module.exports.startServer = startServer;

handler.js

var fs = require('fs');

function home(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/index.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function review(response) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' });
    fs.createReadStream(__dirname + '/review.html', 'utf8').pipe(response);
}

function api_records(response, params) {
    response.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
    response.end(JSON.stringify(params));
}

module.exports = {
    home: home,
    review: review,
    api_records: api_records
}

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>hfpp2012</title>
</head>

<body>
    <form action="/api/v1/records" method="post">
        name: <input type="text" name="name" /> age: <input type="text" name="age" />
        <input type="submit" value="Submit">
    </form>
</body>

</html>