C++：override identifier

Function overriding：其派生类中对基类函数的重新定义，具有相同的返回类型和参数。为了避免这种错误发生，通过使用override来定义基类中的函数避免重写。

Example:

1. 在没有定义override的情况下，重写基类中的成员函数，不会发生错误。
   Code:

   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Base {
   public:
   	// user wants to override this in
   	// the derived class
   	virtual void func() { cout << "I am in father!" << endl; }
   };
   
   class Derived : public Base {
   public:
   	void func()
   	{
       	cout << "I am in derived Son!" << endl;
   	}
   };
   
   int main()
   {
   	Base Father;
   	Derived Son;
   	Son.func();
   	cout << "Compiled successfully" << endl;
   	return 0;
   }
   

   Output:

   I am in derived Son!
   Compiled successfully
   

2. 定义override之后，会发生错误
   Code:

   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Base {
   public:
   	// user wants to override this in
   	// the derived class
   	virtual void func() { cout << "I am in father!" << endl; }
   };
   
   class Derived : public Base {
   public:
   	// 添加一个参数重写该函数
   	void func(int a) override
   	{
       	cout << "I am in derived son!" << endl;
   	}
   };
   
   int main()
   {
   	Base Father;
   	Derived Son;
   	Son.func();
   	cout << "Compiled successfully" << endl;
   	return 0;
   }
   

   Output：

   error: 'void derived::func(int)'
   marked 'override', but does not override
   void func(int a) override