FreeCodeCamp----Scientific Computing with Python Projects----Budget-app

Assignment

Complete the Category class in budget.py. It should be able to instantiate objects based on different budget categories like food, clothing, and entertainment. When objects are created, they are passed in the name of the category. The class should have an instance variable called ledger that is a list. The class should also contain the following methods:

• A deposit method that accepts an amount and description. If no description is given, it should default to an empty string. The method should append an object to the ledger list in the form of {"amount": amount, "description": description}.
• A withdraw method that is similar to the deposit method, but the amount passed in should be stored in the ledger as a negative number. If there are not enough funds, nothing should be added to the ledger. This method should return True if the withdrawal took place, and False otherwise.
• A get_balance method that returns the current balance of the budget category based on the deposits and withdrawals that have occurred.
• A transfer method that accepts an amount and another budget category as arguments. The method should add a withdrawal with the amount and the description “Transfer to [Destination Budget Category]”. The method should then add a deposit to the other budget category with the amount and the description “Transfer from [Source Budget Category]”. If there are not enough funds, nothing should be added to either ledgers. This method should return True if the transfer took place, and False otherwise.
• A check_funds method that accepts an amount as an argument. It returns False if the amount is greater than the balance of the budget category and returns True otherwise. This method should be used by both the withdraw method and transfer method.

When the budget object is printed it should display:

• A title line of 30 characters where the name of the category is centered in a line of * characters.
• A list of the items in the ledger. Each line should show the description and amount. The first 23 characters of the description should be displayed, then the amount. The amount should be right aligned, contain two decimal places, and display a maximum of 7 characters.
• A line displaying the category total.

Here is an example of the output:

*************Food*************
initial deposit        1000.00
groceries               -10.15
restaurant and more foo -15.89
Transfer to Clothing    -50.00
Total: 923.96

Besides the Category class, create a function (ouside of the class) called create_spend_chart that takes a list of categories as an argument. It should return a string that is a bar chart.

The chart should show the percentage spent in each category passed in to the function. The percentage spent should be calculated only with withdrawals and not with deposits. Down the left side of the chart should be labels 0 - 100. The “bars” in the bar chart should be made out of the “o” character. The height of each bar should be rounded down to the nearest 10.(不是四舍五入，而是舍去个位！这里不知道为什么这么说。。。但是测试样例时是舍去各位） The horizontal line below the bars should go two spaces past the final bar. Each category name should be vertacally below the bar. There should be a title at the top that says “Percentage spent by category”.

This function will be tested with up to four categories.

Look at the example output below very closely and make sure the spacing of the output matches the example exactly.

Percentage spent by category
100|          
 90|          
 80|          
 70|          
 60| o        
 50| o        
 40| o        
 30| o        
 20| o  o     
 10| o  o  o  
  0| o  o  o  
    ----------
     F  C  A  
     o  l  u  
     o  o  t  
     d  t  o  
        h     
        i     
        n     
        g     

The unit tests for this project are in test_module.py.

Development

Write your code in budget.py. For development, you can use main.py to test your Category class. Click the “run” button and main.py will run.

Testing

We imported the tests from test_module.py to main.py for your convenience. The tests will run automatically whenever you hit the “run” button.

Submitting

Copy your project’s URL and submit it to freeCodeCamp.

实现代码

class Category:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        self.ledger=[]
        self.funds=0
    def deposit(self,amount,description=''):
        self.ledger.append({"amount": amount, "description": description})
        self.funds+=amount
    def withdraw(self,amount,description=''):
        if self.check_funds(amount):
            self.ledger.append({"amount": -amount, "description": description})
            self.funds-=amount
            return True
        return False
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.funds
    def transfer(self,amount,other):
        if not self.check_funds(amount):
            return False
        self.ledger.append({'amount':-amount,'description':"Transfer to {}".format(other.name)})
        self.funds-=amount
        other.ledger.append({"amount": amount, "description":"Transfer from {}".format(self.name)})
        other.funds+=amount
        return True

    def check_funds(self,amount):
        if self.funds>=amount:
            return True
        return False
    def __str__(self):
        s=''
        s+=self.name.center(30,'*')+'\n'
        for x in self.ledger:
            if len(x['description'])>23:
                s+=x['description'][0:23]
            else:
                s+=x['description'][0:23].ljust(23)
            s+="{0:.2f}".format(x['amount']).rjust(7)
            s+='\n'
        s+='Total: {}'.format(self.funds)
        return s
            

#不是四舍五入，而是舍去个位！
def create_spend_chart(categories):
    s="Percentage spent by category\n"
    sum=0
    withdraws={}
    for x in categories:
        withdraws[x.name]=0
        for y in x.ledger:
            if y['amount']<0:
                withdraws[x.name]+=y['amount']
        withdraws[x.name]=-withdraws[x.name]
    for x in withdraws:
        sum+=withdraws[x]
    for x in withdraws:
        withdraws[x]=int(withdraws[x]/sum*100)
        
    for i in range(100,-10,-10):
        s+=str(i).rjust(3)+'| '
        for x in categories:
            if withdraws[x.name]>=i:
                s+='o  '
            else:
                s+='   '
        s+='\n'
    s+=' '*4+'-'*(1+len(categories)*3)+'\n'

    maxlen=0
    for x in categories:
        if len(x.name)>maxlen:
            maxlen=len(x.name)
    for i in range(maxlen):
        s+=' '*5
        for x in categories:
            if len(x.name)>i:
                s+=x.name[i]+'  '
            else:
                s+=' '*3
        s+='\n'
    return s[0:-1]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    food=Category('food')
    entertainment=Category('entertainment')
    business=Category('Business')
    food.deposit(900, "deposit")
    entertainment.deposit(900, "deposit")
    business.deposit(900, "deposit")
    food.withdraw(105.55)
    entertainment.withdraw(33.40)
    business.withdraw(10.99)
    actual = create_spend_chart([business, food, entertainment])
    print(actual)

"""
    food=Category('food')
    entertainment=Category('entertainment')
    food.deposit(900, "deposit")
    food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
    food.transfer(20, entertainment)
    print(food)
"""

测试代码

import unittest
import budget
from budget import create_spend_chart


class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.food = budget.Category("Food")
        self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
        self.business = budget.Category("Business")

    def test_deposit(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        actual = self.food.ledger[0]
        expected = {"amount": 900, "description": "deposit"}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `deposit` method to create a specific object in the ledger instance variable.')

    def test_deposit_no_description(self):
        self.food.deposit(45.56)
        actual = self.food.ledger[0]
        expected = {"amount": 45.56, "description": ""}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected calling `deposit` method with no description to create a blank description.')

    def test_withdraw(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
        actual = self.food.ledger[1]
        expected = {"amount": -45.67, "description": "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread"}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `withdraw` method to create a specific object in the ledger instance variable.')

    def test_withdraw_no_description(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        good_withdraw = self.food.withdraw(45.67)
        actual = self.food.ledger[1]
        expected = {"amount": -45.67, "description": ""}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `withdraw` method with no description to create a blank description.')
        self.assertEqual(good_withdraw, True, 'Expected `transfer` method to return `True`.')

    def test_get_balance(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
        actual = self.food.get_balance()
        expected = 854.33
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected balance to be 54.33')

    def test_transfer(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
        good_transfer = self.food.transfer(20, self.entertainment)
        actual = self.food.ledger[2]
        expected = {"amount": -20, "description": "Transfer to Entertainment"}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `transfer` method to create a specific ledger item in food object.')
        self.assertEqual(good_transfer, True, 'Expected `transfer` method to return `True`.')
        actual = self.entertainment.ledger[0]
        expected = {"amount": 20, "description": "Transfer from Food"}
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `transfer` method to create a specific ledger item in entertainment object.')

    def test_check_funds(self):
        self.food.deposit(10, "deposit")
        actual = self.food.check_funds(20)
        expected = False
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `check_funds` method to be False')
        actual = self.food.check_funds(10)
        expected = True
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected `check_funds` method to be True')

    def test_withdraw_no_funds(self):
        self.food.deposit(100, "deposit")
        good_withdraw = self.food.withdraw(100.10)
        self.assertEqual(good_withdraw, False, 'Expected `withdraw` method to return `False`.')

    def test_transfer_no_funds(self):
        self.food.deposit(100, "deposit")
        good_transfer = self.food.transfer(200, self.entertainment)
        self.assertEqual(good_transfer, False, 'Expected `transfer` method to return `False`.')

    def test_to_string(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
        self.food.transfer(20, self.entertainment)
        actual = str(self.food)
        expected = f"*************Food*************\ndeposit                 900.00\nmilk, cereal, eggs, bac -45.67\nTransfer to Entertainme -20.00\nTotal: 834.33"
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected different string representation of object.')

    def test_create_spend_chart(self):
        self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.entertainment.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.business.deposit(900, "deposit")
        self.food.withdraw(105.55)
        self.entertainment.withdraw(33.40)
        self.business.withdraw(10.99)
        actual = create_spend_chart([self.business, self.food, self.entertainment])
        expected = "Percentage spent by category\n100|          \n 90|          \n 80|          \n 70|    o     \n 60|    o     \n 50|    o     \n 40|    o     \n 30|    o     \n 20|    o  o  \n 10|    o  o  \n  0| o  o  o  \n    ----------\n     B  F  E  \n     u  o  n  \n     s  o  t  \n     i  d  e  \n     n     r  \n     e     t  \n     s     a  \n     s     i  \n           n  \n           m  \n           e  \n           n  \n           t  "
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected different chart representation. Check that all spacing is exact.')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()