Python学习第九天——time、datetime

1.time

以当前时间为准,让大家快速认识三种形式的时间
print(time.time()) # 时间戳:1487130156.419527
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X")) #格式化的时间字符串:‘2017-02-15 11:40:53’

print(time.localtime()) #本地时区的struct_time
print(time.gmtime()) #UTC时区的struct_time

将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的struct_time。secs参数未提供，则以当前时间为准。
localtime([secs])

time.localtime()
time.localtime(1617795289.2646945)
#time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=19, tm_min=34, tm_sec=49, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=97, tm_isdst=0)

gmtime([secs]) 和localtime()方法类似，gmtime()方法是将一个时间戳转换为UTC时区（0时区）的struct_time。

mktime(t) : 将一个struct_time转化为时间戳。
print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) #1617797396.0

strftime(format[, t]) : 把一个代表时间的元组或者struct_time（如由time.localtime()和time.gmtime()返回）转化为格式化的时间字符串。如果t未指定，将传入time.localtime()。如果元组中任何一个元素越界，ValueError的错误将会被抛出。
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime()))#2016-09-11 00:49:56

把一个格式化时间字符串转化为struct_time。实际上它和strftime()是逆操作。
time.strptime(string[, format])

print(time.strptime(‘2011-05-05 16:37:06’, ‘%Y-%m-%d %X’))
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=16, tm_min=37, tm_sec=6,
tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=-1)
在这个函数中，format默认为："%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"。

asctime([t]) : 把一个表示时间的元组或者struct_time表示为这种形式：‘Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993’。
如果没有参数，将会将time.localtime()作为参数传入。
print(time.asctime())#Sun Sep 11 00:43:43 2016

ctime([secs]) : 把一个时间戳（按秒计算的浮点数）转化为time.asctime()的形式。如果参数未给或者为
None的时候，将会默认time.time()为参数。它的作用相当于time.asctime(time.localtime(secs))。
print(time.ctime()) # Sun Sep 11 00:46:38 2016
print(time.ctime(time.time())) # Sun Sep 11 00:46:38 20160

2.datetime

时间加减
import datetime

#返回 2016-08-19 12:47:03.941925
print(datetime.datetime.now())

#时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) )

print(datetime.datetime.now() )
#当前时间+3天
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3))
#当前时间-3天
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3))
#当前时间+3小时
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3))
#当前时间+30分
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30))

c_time = datetime.datetime.now()
#时间替换
print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2))

3.格式化字符串的时间格式

%a Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale’s full weekday name.
%b Locale’s abbreviated month name.
%B Locale’s full month name.
%c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%j Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. (1)
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. (2)
%U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. (3)
%w Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].
%W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. (3)
%x Locale’s appropriate date representation.
%X Locale’s appropriate time representation.
%y Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.
%z Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].
%Z Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).
%% A literal ‘%’ character.