springboot配置文件详解

springboot配置文件详解

Spring Boot弱化配置的特性让属性配置文件的使用也更加便捷，它默认支持对application.properties或application.yml属性配置文件处理，即在application.properties或application.yml文件中添加属性配置，可以使用@Value注解将属性值注入到beans中，或使用@ConfigurationProperties注解将属性值绑定到结构化的beans中

来个测试

依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.apdoer</groupId>
    <artifactId>config</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>config</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

创建一个 application.yml,这个创建项目的时候会默认给一个application.properties,个人习惯改成yml格式,两种都可以用

首先是application.yml

### 这个配置文件里面是通用配置
server:
  port: 9999
spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev

然后添加不同环境的配置文件dev,test和pro

application-dev.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: pro-config-dev
myproject:
  upload:
    maxSize: 10
    allowTypes:
      - image/jpeg-dev
      - image/jpg-dev
      - image/png-dev
      - image/gif-dev
      - image/bmp-dev
  test: testParmfor@Value-dev

application-test.yml

server:
  port: 9999
myproject:
  upload:
    maxSize: 10
    allowTypes:
      - image/jpeg-test
      - image/jpg-test
      - image/png-test
      - image/gif-test
      - image/bmp-test
  test: testParmfor@Value-test
spring:
  application:
    name: pro-config-test

application-pro.yml

server:
  port: 9999
myproject:
  upload:
    maxSize: 10
    allowTypes:
      - image/jpeg-pro
      - image/jpg-pro
      - image/png-pro
      - image/gif-pro
      - image/bmp-pro
  test: testParmfor@Value-pro
spring:
  application:
    name: pro-config-pro

写一个测试类,这里包含要读取的配置

/**
 * @author apdoer
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/10/22 19:07
 */
@Data
@ToString
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myproject.upload")
public class UploadConfiguration {

    private int maxSize;
    /**
     * 允许的格式
     */
    private List<String> allowTypes;
}

controller里注入使用,这里提供@value注解引入和spring的依赖注入都可以

/**
 * @author apdoer
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/10/22 19:05
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo")
public class DemoController {
    private UploadConfiguration uploadConfiguration;

    @Value("${myproject.test}")
    private String testParam;


    @Autowired(required = false)
    public void setUploadConfiguration(UploadConfiguration uploadConfiguration) {
        this.uploadConfiguration = uploadConfiguration;
    }

    @GetMapping("/anno")
    public String testParmaByAnnotation(){
        return testParam;
    }

    @GetMapping("/config")
    public String testParamByConfig(){
        return uploadConfiguration.toString();
    }
}

测试

访问localhost:9999/demo/anno

访问 localhost:9999/demo/config

可以看到指定的application-dev.yml配置文件被读取成功

优先级

我们在下图的四个地方分别创建application.yml

分别改变这四个配置文件的指定环境,

比如第一个我把1里面的配置改成如下

server:
  port: 9999
spring:
  profiles:
    active: pro

访问可以看到这个指定是优先级最高的

可以依次改变各个配置文件的内容,来测试优先级,这里就直接给出来

1 > 4 > 2 >3

就是说如果优先级更高的指定了配置,优先级低的配置就不会生效

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