centos7 安装Python3及配置环境变量

centos7 安装Python3并配置环境变量亲测有效

python官网(linux下载地址、版本可自选)：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

一、添加阿里云第三方扩展源仓库（安装拓展源仓库才能安装yum 安装 openssl11 openssl11-devel，python源码编译必须要openssl11 或以上版本）

备注，我这里是把pyhton安装包放在 /usr/local/目录下

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum makecache

如果执行yum makecache这条命令出现很多Errot 503 还有 Error 404说明没执行成功，如下

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或者curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

需要更换yum镜像源后再次执行yum makecache命令

Tips：复制命令的时候提前把撰写窗口打开(查看–撰写–撰写窗口)，先复制到撰写窗口里面，再复制到命令行不容易出错

二、安装依赖

yum -y install openssl-devel openssl11 openssl11-devel libffi-devel
yum -y install wget zlib zilb-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make xz-devel libdb-devel
****数据存储压缩模块依赖：xz-devel   可以不安装，数据库模块依赖：xz-devel  可以不安装****

三、设置编译flags以便使用最新的openssl库 --Tips 都没有输出数据

export CFLAGS=$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11)
export LDFLAGS=$(pkg-config --libs openssl11)

验证变量配置

echo $CFLAGS

-I/usr/include/openssl11

echo $LDFLAGS

-L/usr/lib64/openssl11 -lssl -lcrypto

四、配置安装python3,这里以Python-3.10.4为例，其它版本也一样

# 如果要和django版本匹配就必须安装python3.6.0版本，在/usr/local目录下执行
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.4/Python-3.10.4.tgz
tar -xzvf Python-3.10.4.tgz
cd Python-3.10.4

以命令逐条执行，以便观察构建、编译、安装过程中是否有报错,缺少依赖。

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Python3.6.8 --enable-shared
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Python3.10.4 --enable-shared
make
make install
##--enable-share 编译配置中添加共享库，否则使用python3 命令时系统会提示 无法找到 libpython3.9.so.1.0 的错误
安装成功输出如下：
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
  WARNING: The scripts pip3 and pip3.10 are installed in '/usr/local/python3.10.4/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-22.0.4 setuptools-58.1.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

五、配置python环境变量

查看python3根目录安装路径(以安装成功的上图中的地址为准)

配置环境变量

Python3.10版本

export PATH=/usr/local/python3.10.4/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/python3.10.4/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Python3.6版本

export PATH=/usr/local/Python3.6.8/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/Python3.6.8/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

上面是临时加入，永久加入环境变量需要手动加入
进行编辑： vi /etc/profile
然后复制上面2行后，进行保存

执行立即生效

source /etc/profile

验证python3 是否可用

[root@VM-node1 ~]# python3
Python 3.10.4 (main, Oct  9 2023, 17:40:07) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

验证pip3 命令是否可用
pip3 -V
pip 22.3 from /usr/local/python3.10.0/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip (python 3.10)

六、更新pip设置为阿里源

pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

七、更新pip源到新版本

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 返回Successfully uninstalled pip更新成功
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/a4/6d/6463d49a933f547439d6b5b98b46af8742cc03ae83543e4d7688c2420f8b/pip-21.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.7MB 4.2MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 18.1
    Uninstalling pip-18.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip