docker run命令、自动退出原因

1. 概述

docker run ：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

2. 语法

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

主要的OPTIONS参数：

• -a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；
• -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
• -i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
• -P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
• -p: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
• -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
• –name=“nginx-lb”: 为容器指定一个名称；
• –dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；
• –dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；
• -h “mars”: 指定容器的hostname；
• -e username=“ritchie”: 设置环境变量；
• –env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；
• –cpuset=“0-2” or --cpuset=“0,1,2”: 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；
• -m :设置容器使用内存最大值；
• –net=“bridge”: 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；
• –link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；
• –expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；
• –volume , -v: 绑定一个卷

可以通过docker run --help查看全部命令

Options:
      --add-host list                         Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) (default [])
  -a, --attach list                           Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR (default [])
      --blkio-weight uint16                   Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device weighted-device   Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
      --cap-add list                          Add Linux capabilities (default [])
      --cap-drop list                         Drop Linux capabilities (default [])
      --cgroup-parent string                  Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cidfile string                        Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-count int                         CPU count (Windows only)
      --cpu-percent int                       CPU percent (Windows only)
      --cpu-period int                        Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                         Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int                     Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int                    Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                        CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                          Number of CPUs (default 0.000)
      --cpuset-cpus string                    CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string                    MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --credentialspec string                 Credential spec for managed service account (Windows only)
  -d, --detach                                Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string                    Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                           Add a host device to the container (default [])
      --device-cgroup-rule list               Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list (default [])
      --device-read-bps throttled-device      Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-read-iops throttled-device     Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
      --device-write-bps throttled-device     Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
      --device-write-iops throttled-device    Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
      --disable-content-trust                 Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                              Set custom DNS servers (default [])
      --dns-option list                       Set DNS options (default [])
      --dns-search list                       Set custom DNS search domains (default [])
      --entrypoint string                     Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                              Set environment variables (default [])
      --env-file list                         Read in a file of environment variables (default [])
      --expose list                           Expose a port or a range of ports (default [])
      --gpus gpu-request                      GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                        Add additional groups to join (default [])
      --health-cmd string                     Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration              Time between running the check (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-retries int                    Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-timeout duration               Maximum time to allow one check to run (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                                  Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                       Container host name
      --init                                  Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
      --init-path string                      Path to the docker-init binary
  -i, --interactive                           Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --io-maxbandwidth string                Maximum IO bandwidth limit for the system drive (Windows only)
      --io-maxiops uint                       Maximum IOps limit for the system drive (Windows only)
      --ip string                             Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                            Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                            IPC namespace to use
      --isolation string                      Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory string                  Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                            Set meta data on a container (default [])
      --label-file list                       Read in a line delimited file of labels (default [])
      --link list                             Add link to another container (default [])
      --link-local-ip list                    Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses (default [])
      --log-driver string                     Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                          Log driver options (default [])
      --mac-address string                    Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory string                         Memory limit
      --memory-reservation string             Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap string                    Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int                 Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
      --name string                           Assign a name to the container
      --network string                        Connect a container to a network (default "default")
      --network-alias list                    Add network-scoped alias for the container (default [])
      --no-healthcheck                        Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable                      Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int                     Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                            PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                        Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --privileged                            Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                          Publish a container's port(s) to the host (default [])
  -P, --publish-all                           Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --read-only                             Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                        Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
      --rm                                    Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                        Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list                     Security Options (default [])
      --shm-size string                       Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB
      --sig-proxy                             Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string                    Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int                      Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list                      Storage driver options for the container (default [])
      --sysctl map                            Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                            Mount a tmpfs directory (default [])
  -t, --tty                                   Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                         Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                           Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                         User namespace to use
      --uts string                            UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                           Bind mount a volume (default [])
      --volume-driver string                  Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list                     Mount volumes from the specified container(s) (default [])
  -w, --workdir string                        Working directory inside the container

3. docker容器自动退出的原因是什么

有的退出后 docker ps -a 能看到尸体 ，参见 【docker】docker run的–rm选项详解、Exited 12 minutes ago

为何docker刚启动起来就退出了

是因为 没有一个可以支撑docker 持久运行下去的命令。

退出原因

1、docker容器运行必须有一个前台进程， 如果没有前台进程执行，容器认为空闲，就会自行退出

2、容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令（ 运行top，tail、循环等），就是会自动退出

3、这个是 docker 的机制问题

方案1：
网上有很多介绍，就是起一个死循环进程，让他不停的循环下去，前台永远有进程执行，那么容器就不会退出了,以centos为例

shell>docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"

缺点： 命令太冗长了，还占用一个终端

方案2：

docker run  -dit --name busybox  busybox:latest   /bin/sh  

添加-it 参数交互运行
添加-d 参数后台运行
这样就能启动一个一直停留在后台运行的Centos了。

4. 执行多条命令

docker run  -dit --name busybox  busybox:latest   /bin/sh    -c "echo Hello, World! && echo Another command"

/bin/bash -c是你要运行的bash命令，后面的字符串是你要执行的多个命令，用&&连接。

注意：

在使用&&或者 \ 时，确保你的命令正确无误，因为如果前一个命令失败，后续的命令可能不会执行。

参考

《Docker run 命令》