1. 概述
docker run :创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
2. 语法
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
主要的OPTIONS参数:
- -a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型,可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项;
- -d: 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID;
- -i: 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用;
- -P: 随机端口映射,容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
- -p: 指定端口映射,格式为:主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
- -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用;
- –name=“nginx-lb”: 为容器指定一个名称;
- –dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器,默认和宿主一致;
- –dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名,默认和宿主一致;
- -h “mars”: 指定容器的hostname;
- -e username=“ritchie”: 设置环境变量;
- –env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量;
- –cpuset=“0-2” or --cpuset=“0,1,2”: 绑定容器到指定CPU运行;
- -m :设置容器使用内存最大值;
- –net=“bridge”: 指定容器的网络连接类型,支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型;
- –link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器;
- –expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口;
- –volume , -v: 绑定一个卷
可以通过docker run --help
查看全部命令
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) (default [])
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR (default [])
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device weighted-device Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities (default [])
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities (default [])
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-count int CPU count (Windows only)
--cpu-percent int CPU percent (Windows only)
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs (default 0.000)
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--credentialspec string Credential spec for managed service account (Windows only)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container (default [])
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list (default [])
--device-read-bps throttled-device Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops throttled-device Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps throttled-device Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops throttled-device Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers (default [])
--dns-option list Set DNS options (default [])
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains (default [])
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables (default [])
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables (default [])
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports (default [])
--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
--group-add list Add additional groups to join (default [])
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
--init-path string Path to the docker-init binary
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--io-maxbandwidth string Maximum IO bandwidth limit for the system drive (Windows only)
--io-maxiops uint Maximum IOps limit for the system drive (Windows only)
--ip string Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC namespace to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory string Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container (default [])
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels (default [])
--link list Add link to another container (default [])
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses (default [])
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options (default [])
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory string Memory limit
--memory-reservation string Memory soft limit
--memory-swap string Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network string Connect a container to a network (default "default")
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container (default [])
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host (default [])
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options (default [])
--shm-size string Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container (default [])
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory (default [])
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume (default [])
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s) (default [])
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
3. docker容器自动退出的原因是什么
有的退出后
docker ps -a
能看到尸体 ,参见 【docker】docker run的–rm选项详解、Exited 12 minutes ago
为何docker刚启动起来就退出了
是因为 没有一个可以支撑docker 持久运行下去的命令。
退出原因
1、docker容器运行必须有一个前台进程, 如果没有前台进程执行,容器认为空闲,就会自行退出
2、容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令( 运行top,tail、循环等),就是会自动退出
3、这个是 docker 的机制问题
方案1:
网上有很多介绍,就是起一个死循环进程,让他不停的循环下去,前台永远有进程执行,那么容器就不会退出了,以centos为例
shell>docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
缺点: 命令太冗长了,还占用一个终端
方案2:
docker run -dit --name busybox busybox:latest /bin/sh
添加-it 参数交互运行
添加-d 参数后台运行
这样就能启动一个一直停留在后台运行的Centos了。
4. 执行多条命令
docker run -dit --name busybox busybox:latest /bin/sh -c "echo Hello, World! && echo Another command"
/bin/bash -c
是你要运行的bash命令,后面的字符串是你要执行的多个命令,用&&连接。
注意:
在使用&&
或者 \ 时,确保你的命令正确无误,因为如果前一个命令失败,后续的命令可能不会执行。