闭包
# 闭包
def outer(logo):
def inner(msg):
print(f"<{logo}>{msg}<{logo}>")
return inner
fn1 = outer("Hello") # 类型是函数 注意这里传入的参数对于内部函数来说是持续存在的
fn1("world")
# 修改外部函数的值
def out(num1):
def In(num2):
nonlocal num1
num1 += num2
print(num1)
return In
fn = out(10)
fn(10)
fn(10)
# 案例
def account_create(init_account=0):
def atm(num, deposit=True):
nonlocal init_account
if deposit == True:
init_account += num
print(init_account)
else:
init_account -= num
print(init_account)
return atm
atm = account_create()
atm(100)
atm(50, False)
# 总结:闭包优点是无需定义全局变量即可实现通过函数持续访问、修改某个值,闭包使用的变量难以被错误的调用修改
装饰器
# 装饰器
def sleep():
import random
import time
print("睡眠中...")
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
def outer(func):
def inner():
print("我睡觉了")
func()
print("我起床了")
return inner
fn = outer(sleep)
fn()
# 装饰器快速写法
@outer
def sleep2():
import random
import time
print("睡眠中...")
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
sleep2()