注解
注解简介
package JAVA.JAVASE.Annotation;
//什么是注解
public class annotation extends Object {
@Override // 重写的注解 同时还会检查 比如toString如果用tostr 改写了方法名字 就会报错
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
}
内置注解
package JAVA.JAVASE.Annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class annotation extends Object {
@Override // 重写的注解 同时还会检查 比如toString如果用tostr 改写了方法名字 就会报错
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
//@Deprecated 不推荐程序员使用 但是可以用 或者存在更好的方法
@Deprecated
public static void test(){
System.out.println("Deprecated");
}
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public static void test1(){
ArrayList<Object> objects = new ArrayList<>();//如果不传入参数 objects会显示灰色 但是使用 @SuppressWarnings("all") 就不再显示 是为了让一些无关紧要的错误不再提示
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
}
元注解
package JAVA.JAVASE.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
//测试元注解
public class annotation2 {
@MyAnnotation
public void test() {
}
}
//定义一个注解
//@Target表示我们的注解可以运用在上面地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})//这个只能运用在方法上 不能用在别的上
//@Retention 表示我们的注解在上面地方才有效
//runtime>class>sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//@Documented 表示是否将我们的注解生成在 JAVA doc中
@Documented
//@Inherited 表示子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation {
}
自定义注解
package JAVA.JAVASE.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//自定义注解
public class annotation3 {
//注解可以显示赋值 如果没有默认值 我们就必须给注解赋值
@MyAnnotation2(name="我",schools = {"福建工程学院"})
public void test1(){}
@MyAnnotation3("林宏程")
public void test2(){}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//注解的参数 参数类型+参数名+()
String name() default "";//设置默认值
int age() default 23;
int id() default -1;//如果默认值为-1 代表不存在
String[] schools() default "福建工程学院";
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value();
//如果只有一个值 可以用value去代替 直接写入 @MyAnnotation3("林宏程")
//如果用name 还是必须写成@MyAnnotation3(name = "林宏程")
}
反射
静态和动态
反射简介
如何通过Class获得类
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
//测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
public class ReflectionTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人的名字是"+person.name);
//方式1 通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方式2
Class<?> c2 = Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方式3 通过类名.class获得
Class<Student> c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方式4 基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class<Integer> c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person {
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student(){
this.name="学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher(){
this.name="老师";
}
}
那些类型可以有Class对象
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
//所以类型的Class对象
public class ReflectionTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);//此处 alt按住鼠标可以竖向复制c1 c2 c3....
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());//即使大小不同 只要元素类型和维度一样 就是同一个Class
}
}
Java内存分析
类的加载过程
类的加载与ClassLoader的理解
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
public class ReflectionTest4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.m);
/*
1.加载到内存 会产生一个类对象的Class对象
2.链接 链接结束后 m=0
3.初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=300;
}
m=100
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=300;
}
static int m=100;
public A(){
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
什么时候会发生类初始化
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
//测试类什么时候会初始化
public class ReflectionTest5 {
static {
System.out.println("main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.主动引用
Son son = new Son();
//反射也会场主动引用
Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.Son");
//main类被加载
//父类被加载
//子类被加载
//2.被动引用
//不会产生类的引用的方法
System.out.println(Son.b);
//main类被加载
//父类被加载
//2
Son[] array = new Son[5];
//main类被加载
System.out.println(Son.M);
//main类被加载
//1
}
}
class Father{
static int b=2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m=300;
}
static int m=100;
static final int M=1;
}
类加载器的作用
类加载器
核心继承包在rt.jar 里面就有常用的lang包
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
public class ReflectionTest6 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类的加载器的父类加载器--->扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器 ---->根加载器(c/c++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//测试当前类是那个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.ReflectionTest6").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//双亲委派机制
//java.lang.String-->
//如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
/*
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jce.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\resources.jar;
F:\JAVA\jdk1.8\jre\lib\rt.jar;
F:\JAVA的学习\JAVASE\out\production\基础语法;
F:\JAVA的学习\JAVASE\基础语法\src\JAVA\JAVASE\Thread\ilb\commons-io-1.4.jar;
F:\JAVA\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
创建运行时类的对象
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//获得类的信息
public class ReflectionTest7 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.User");
/*
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
*/
User user = new User();//通过对象获得类名
c1 = user.getClass();
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得类名+包名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
//获得类的属性
System.out.println("==========================");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);//只能找到public属性
}
Field[] declaredFields = c1.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
System.out.println(declaredField);//只能找到全部属性
}
System.out.println(c1.getDeclaredField("name"));//这里必须用getDeclaredField()方法获取 因为是private属性
System.out.println("==========================");
//获得类的方法
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类和父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常的" + method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
//获得指定的方法
//后面输入方法参数类型 因为有重载 相同名字 传入参数不同
System.out.println("==========================");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得指定的构造器
System.out.println("==========================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();//获得public构造器
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructors);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();//获得所有构造器
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("获得所有构造器" + constructors);
}
//获得指定构造器
Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定"+declaredConstructor);
}
}
有了Class对象能做什么
调用指定的方法
setAccessible
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class ReflectionTest8 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.User");
//1.构造一个对象
// User user1 = (User) c1.newInstance();//本质调用了类的无参构造器
// System.out.println(user1);
//2.通过构造器创建对象
// Constructor<?> constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
// User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("林宏程", 27, 23);
// System.out.println(user2);
//3.通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke 激活的意思
//(对象,"方法的值")
setName.invoke(user3,"狂神");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//4.通过反射操作属性
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性 必须关闭程序的安全检测 属性或者方法的name.setAccessible(true) 如下
name.setAccessible(true);//关闭检测
name.set(user4,"林宏程2");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
}
}
性能对比分析
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//分析性能问题
public class ReflectionTest9 {
//普通方式调用
public static void test01(){
User user = new User();
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行十亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方法调用
public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class<? extends User> c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方法执行十亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方式调用 关闭检测
public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class<? extends User> c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("关闭检测方法执行十亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
反射操作泛型
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//通过反射获取泛型
public class ReflectionTest10 {
public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String, User> test02() {
System.out.println("test01");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = ReflectionTest10.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
method = ReflectionTest10.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
反射操作注解
练习ORM
package JAVA.JAVASE.Relection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//练习反射操作注解
public class ReflectionTest11 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("JAVA.JAVASE.Relection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解value的值
Table table = (Table) c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
String value = table.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
Fieldkuang annotation = f.getAnnotation(Fieldkuang.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
}
}
@Table("db_student")
class Student2 {
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_name", type = "varchar", length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table {
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@interface Fieldkuang {
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}