表语

在英语中, 表语位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态等。 名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词?鄄ing形式、过去分词和从句都可以充当表语。掌握表语的用法需要注意的几点是:

  1. “主语+be+of+抽象名词(importance, use, value, help, interest等)”表示主语的特性,相当于形容词important, useful, valuable, helpful, interesting等作表语;“主语+be+of+age, size, height, length, color等名词”表示主语的年龄、大小、高度、长度、颜色等特征时, 往往可以省略介词of。如:

  The dictionary is of great use to beginners of English.

  这本字典对英语初学者来说很有用处。

  They were (of) the same age. 他们同岁。

  2. 动词不定式作表语往往对主语起解释说明作用。若主语部分含有动词do(does, did)时,后面的不定式可以省略不定式符号to。如:

  My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose.

  我对他的威胁的回答是照他鼻子上给了一拳。

  What they wanted to do was (to) win the game.

  他们想做的事就是赢得这场比赛。  

  3. 一般来说,动词?鄄ing形式转化来的形容词作表语表示“令人……的”,而过去分词形式转化来的形容词作表语表示“感到……的”。如:

  I find the situation is very worrying.

  我觉得形势很令人担忧。

  When he gets excited, he starts talking really fast.

  当他兴奋的时候,他的语速就开始变得很快。

  4. 从句作表语

  (1)连词that, because和whether可引导表语从句,但在从句中不作任何成分。如:

  The trouble is that I have lost his address.

  麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。

  —This photograph doesn’t look like you.

这张照片看起来不像你。

  —That’s because it isn’t me—it’s my sister.

那是因为那不是我,那是我姐姐。

  The point is whether we should lend him the money.

  关键是我们是否应该把钱借给他。

  (2)连接代词who, which, whom, what以及连接副词when, where, how, why等可引导表语从句。如:

  The question is who is responsible for what has happened.

  问题是发生了这事该谁负责。

  This is where they once lived.

  这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

  (3) as if/as though也可引导表语从句,但从句中是否需用虚拟语气,要根据事实作出判断。如:

  It looked as if it was going to rain.

  看起来天要下雨了。

  They looked as if they were twins, for they looked so much like each other.

  这两人看上去就像一对孪生兄弟,因为他们彼此长得太像了
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