union和unionall区别

union:对多个结果集进行并集操作，不包括重复行，同时进行排序。
union all:对多个结果集进行并集操作，包括重复行，不进行排序。

查询部门小于30号的员工信息，和部门大于20小于40号的员工信息。

①.先查询部门小于30号的员工信息。

   SELECT 
               employees_id
               ,last_name
               ,salary
               ,department_id
     FROM      employees
    WHERE      department_id < 30; ```

查询部门大于20小于40的员工信息。

   SELECT 
           employees_id
           ,last_name
           ,salary
           ,department_id
     FROM  
           employees
    WHERE 
           department_id BETWEEN 20 and 40;```

③.用union连接两张表

    SELECT 
            employees_id
            ,last_name
            ,salary
            ,department_id
      FROM  
            employees
     WHERE  
            department_id < 30
     UNION
    SELECT 
            employees_id
            ,last_name
            ,salary
            ,department_id
      FROM  
            employees
     WHERE  
            department_id BETWEEN 20 and 40; ```

其结果默认排序并去重，两张表都有30号部门信息，结果只出现一次。

④.下面用union all连接两张表

     SELECT 
              employees_id                 
              ,last_name                 
              ,salary                  
              ,department_id     
       FROM  
              employees  
      WHERE  
              department_id < 30    
 UNION  ALL
     SELECT                   
              employees_id                  
              ,last_name                  
              ,salary                  
              ,department_id    
       FROM  
              employees   
      WHERE  
              department_id BETWEEN 20 and 40; ```

其结果没有去重，也没有排序，排序结果对比下边结果，先去查询20到40的员工信息，在查小于30的员工信息。

⑤.对比查询结果

     SELECT 
             employees_id
             ,last_name
             ,salary
             ,department_id
       FROM  
             employees
      WHERE  
             department_id BETWEEN 20 and 40
  UNION ALL
     SELECT 
             employees_id
             ,last_name
             ,salary
             ,department_id
       FROM  employees
      WHERE  department_id < 30;```

默认是没有进行排序的。