任意边界内外对地下水水头贡献的分解技术:在华北平原馆陶县的应用

为了评估行政单位的地下水管理效率，我们建议使用数值模型将行政单位内的地下水水头变化分解为内部和外部贡献。中国河北省馆陶县为例，展示了分解技术。以观测到的水头作为水头边界条件，建立馆陶地下水流动模型。模型与Hydrus 1-D耦合，计算反映土柱对地表渗流的延迟和阻尼效应的地下水补给分布。通过调节水力传导率、补给入渗比和比产率等参数，对模型进行了标定。将校准后的参数用于离馆陶行政边界较远的大模型中，以确定由于内部驱动因素引起的地下水水头变化。馆陶边界上两种模型的差值作为小尺度模型边界上的指定水头值，用于计算外部驱动施加的地下水水头。为了消除大小模型不同类型边界条件所造成的不一致性，必须更新由于内部驱动而引起的地下水水头变化。结果表明，馆陶县中部和南部地下水水头变化受内外两方面的影响相当，北部地下水水头变化受内外两方面的影响较大。馆陶县地下水水头变化总体来看，平均有48.5%的地下水水头变化受内部贡献影响，51.5%的地下水水头变化受外部贡献影响。敏感性分析表明，地下水水头的变化及其分解对入渗比的敏感性远大于对含水层参数的敏感性。馆陶县内部参数对地下水净水头变化有一定的影响，馆陶外部参数只对分解有影响。

To assess the efficiency of the groundwater management of an administrative unit, we propose decomposing the groundwater head changes within an administrative unit into inside and outside contributions by using numerical models. Guantao County of Hebei Province, China, serves as an example to demonstrate the decomposition technique. The groundwater flow model of Guantao was constructed using observed heads as prescribed head boundary conditions. The model was coupled with Hydrus 1-D to calculate the groundwater recharge distribution in time reflecting the delay and damping effects of the soil column on seepage at the surface. The model was calibrated by adjusting parameters such as hydraulic conductivities, recharge infiltration ratios and specific yields. The calibrated parameters are then used in a large model with a boundary at a large distance from Guantao administrative boundary to determine the groundwater head changes due to inside drivers. The differences of the two models on the Guantao boundary serve as the specified head values on the boundary for a small-scale model, which is used to calculate the groundwater head imposed by outside drivers. To eliminate inconsistencies caused by the different types of boundary conditions of large and small models, the groundwater head changes due to inside drivers must be updated. The results indicate that the groundwater head changes in the center and south of Guantao County are influenced equally by both inside and outside contributions, while in the north outside contributions have the stronger impact. On average, 48.5 % of groundwater head changes in the whole of Guantao County is influenced by inside contributions, while 51.5 % is due to outside contributions. The sensitivity analysis shows that the groundwater head changes and their decomposition are much more sensitive to infiltration ratios than to the aquifer parameters. The parameters within Guantao have a certain influence on the net groundwater head changes, while the parameters outside of Guantao only have an influence on the decomposition.

[1]. Li, N., et al., Decomposition technique for contributions to groundwater heads from inside and outside of an arbitrary boundary: application to Guantao County, North China Plain. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2019. 23(7): p. 2823-2840. 【一区】